PENDAHULUANDeteriorasi benih merupakan proses yang tidak dapat dihindari selama benih dalam masa penyimpanan baik penyimpanan secara terbuka maupun kondisi terkontrol. Faktor suhu dan kelembaban sangat mempengaruhi kecepatan kemunduran benih pada penyimpanan secara terbuka (Ghassemi-Golezani et al., 2010), sedangkan pada penyimpanan secara terkontrol yang kondisi suhu, kadar air serta kelembaban ruangan cenderung konstan, maka proses deteriorasi benih berhubungan dengan perubahan biokimia di dalam benih selama periode simpan. Perilaku Biokimia Benih Kedelai Selama Penyimpanan dalam Kondisi Terkontrol
Production of maize hybrid seed is hindered by relatively poor production by the male line pollen; short live of the pollen which was ascribed to desiccation and dehydration sensitive and flowering asynchrony between male and female lines. The aims of this study were to enhance production and viability of male line pollen and also to determine the suitable storage condition for maintaining pollen viability in order to be used for production of hybrid seed. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot randomized block design with NPK dosages as main plot (0, 300, 600, 900 kg ha -1 ) and application of boron as sub-plot (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 kg ha -1 ), replicated three times. The second experiment used randomized block design with two factors, i.e. storage temperature (-196 o C and -20 o C) and storage period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). The result showed that NPK 900 kg ha -1 increased the number of spike per tassel from 9.3 to 10.7. Application of NPK 600 kg ha -1 or boron 1.5 kg ha -1 improved pollen viability. Combination of NPK 900 kg ha -1 and boron 6 kg ha -1 resulted in the highest pollen viability of 95.3%. Pollen after being stored for four weeks either in -196 ºC or -20 ºC was possible to be used for seed production with 20% seed set. ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam produksi benih jagung hibrida adalah produksi serbuk sari tetua jantan yang rendah, periode viabel serbuk sari yang singkat karena serbuk sari jagung sensitif terhadap desikasi dan dehidrasi, serta asinkroni antara waktu mekar bunga jantan dan betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan produksi dan viabilitas serbuk sari galur tetua jantan, serta mendapatkan kondisi penyimpanan yang dapat memperpanjang viabilitas serbuk sari untuk digunakan dalam produksi benih hibrida. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 percobaan. Percobaan pertama menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan rancangan lingkungan acak kelompok. Petak utama adalah dosis NPK (0, 300, 600, 900 kg ha -1 ) dan dosis boron sebagai anak petak (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 kg ha -1 ), dengan 3 ulangan. Percobaan kedua menggunakan RAK 2 faktor, yaitu suhu penyimpanan (-196 o C dan -20 o C) dan periode simpan (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 minggu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan NPK 900 kg ha -1 meningkatkan jumlah spika per tasel dari 9.3 buah menjadi 10.7 buah. Aplikasi NPK 600 kg ha -1 atau dosis boron 1.5 kg ha -1 dapat meningkatkan viabilitas serbuk sari jagung. Kombinasi perlakuan dosis NPK 900 kg ha -1 dan boron 6 kg ha -1 menghasilkan viabilitas serbuk sari paling tinggi sebesar 95.3%. Serbuk sari yang disimpan pada suhu -196 °C dan -20 °C selama 4 minggu dapat digunakan untuk produksi benih dengan potensi jumlah benih per tongkol sebesar 20% dari penggunaan serbuk sari segar. Kata kunci: boron, dosis NPK, deep freezer, nitrogen cair, viabilitas serbuk sari
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