Corynoline has been reported to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In the present study, the potential protective effects of corynoline against zearalenone (ZEA)‐induced liver injury were investigated. ZEA was administered daily for 5 days. Then, liver tissues were used for subsequent experiments. Corynoline attenuated liver histopathological changes induced by ZEA. The production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β in liver tissues, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum, was also inhibited by corynoline. Meanwhile, ZEA‐induced MPO activity and MDA content were both attenuated by corynoline. ZEA‐induced NF‐κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation were inhibited by corynoline. Furthermore, SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO‐1 expression were increased by corynoline. In addition, the protective effects of corynoline against liver injury were reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX‐527. Taken together, corynoline protected against ZEA‐induced liver injury by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

BackgroundFusarium species are important pathogenic organisms, which can cause many diseases in plants and humans. Characterizing the mechanism underlying their pathogenicity and drug resistance is critical. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the molecular analysis of many species. ResultsIn this study, we constructed the pXEN recombinant plasmid carrying the neomycin phosphatase II gene (neo) and established a simple and efficient procedure for the transformation of resistant Fusarium oxysporum mediated by A. tumefaciens. The transformation efficiency was as high as 250 mutants per 104 conidia. A total of 1,450 stably transformed mutants were generated, resulting in a small-scale library of F. oxysporum mutants containing T-DNA tags. Some of the mutants exhibited phenotypic changes in growth, metabolism, and development. Additionally, the sequences flanking the inserted T-DNA were obtained by touchdown-TAIL PCR, the insertion sites and genes associated with the phenotypic changes could be determined.ConclusionsThe developed method may enable to analyze gene functions and study biological characteristics, which will lay the foundation for future analyses of the mechanism underlying F. oxysporum pathogenicity and resistance. Furthermore, it may be applicable to investigations of other important pathogenic fungi.