The impact of prostate biopsy on patient well-being begins while waiting for the scheduled procedure. Shortening the anticipation period before results are disclosed and administering pre-biopsy anxiety decreasing measures may benefit patients. Analgesic therapy is recommended in younger patients, those reporting moderate to severe intraoperative pain and those with known prostatic inflammatory infiltrate. The risk of acute erectile dysfunction should be discussed cautiously with patients who are potent before biopsy.

Partial cystectomy provides adequate local control of muscle invasive bladder cancer in select patients. Because late recurrence is not uncommon and is potentially life threatening, lifelong followup with cystoscopy is recommended.

Inflammation gene polymorphisms are associated with modified BC risk, treatment response, and survival.