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The salicylidene Schiff base N-3,5-dichloro-salicylidene-(S)-alpha-phenylethylamine (SPEA) has been synthesized and characterized. Stimulated by one optical input (UV light) and two chemical inputs (OH(-) and Zn(2+)), SPEA undergoes reactions of photochemistry, deprotonation, and complexation. Tailing these reactions by means of the UV-vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra, two obvious optical outputs, an absorption band at 323 nm and a fluorescent emission peak at 460 nm, have been obtained. On the basis of encoding binary digits in these inputs and outputs applying positive logic conventions, one monomolecular circuit, which integrates one OR, two NOT, and four AND gates, has been achieved.

In this paper, a constrained moving horizon estimation (MHE) strategy for linear systems is proposed. Recently, the use of a pre-estimating linear observer in the forward prediction equations in the MHE cost function has been proposed in order to reduce the effects of uncertainty. Here we introduce state constraints within this formulation, and investigate stability properties in the presence of bounded disturbances and noise. The robustness and performance of the proposed observer is demonstrated with a simulation example.

Salidroside is one of the major phenolic glycosides in Rhodiola, which has been reported to possess various biological activities. In the present study the in vivo deglycosylation metabolism of salidroside was investigated and its aglycone p-tyrosol but not the original salidroside was identified as the main form in rat tissues following the administration of salidroside. After the i.v. administration of salidroside at a dose of 50 mg/kg in rats, salidroside was quantified only in the liver, kidney and heart tissues. The highest level of p-tyrosol was detected in the heart, followed by the spleen, kidney, liver and lungs, in order. Salidroside was detected only in the liver, in contrast, p-tyrosol was detectable in most tissues except the brain, and the kidney tissues contained a significant amount of p-tyrosol compared to the other tissues after the i.g. administration of 100 mg/kg salidroside. The excretion behaviour revealed that the administrated salidroside mainly eliminated in the form of salidroside but not its aglycone metabolite p-tyrosol through urine. After i.v. and i.g. administration in rats, 64.00% and 23.80% of the total dose was excreted through urine in the form of salidroside, respectively. In addition, 0.19% and 2.25% of the dose was excreted in the form of p-tyrosol through urine after i.v. and i.g. administration, respectively. The faecal salidroside and p-tyrosol concentrations were 0.3% and 1.48% of the total dose after i.v. administration, respectively. After the i.g. administration of salidroside, trace salidroside and p-tyrosol were quantified in faeces within 72 h. In addition, the biliary excretion levels of salidroside after i.v. and i.g. administration were 2.86% and 0.02% of the dose, respectively. The obtained results show that salidroside was extensively metabolised to its aglycone p-tyrosol and distributed to various organs and the orginal salidroside was cleared rapidly through urine following the administration of salidroside.

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