Morphea (localized scleroderma) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease with variable clinical presentations, with an annual incidence of 0.4–2.7 cases per 100,000. Morphea occurs most frequently in children aged 2–14 years, and the disease exhibits a female predominance. Insights into morphea pathogenesis are often extrapolated from studies of systemic sclerosis due to their similar skin histopathologic features; however, clinically they are two distinct diseases as evidenced by different demographics, clinical features, disease course and prognosis. An interplay between genetic factors, epigenetic modifications, immune and vascular dysfunction, along with environmental hits are considered as the main contributors to morphea pathogenesis. In this review, we describe potential new therapies for morphea based on both preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials. We focus on different classes of therapeutics, including antifibrotic, anti‐inflammatory, cellular and gene therapy, and antisenolytic approaches, and how these target different aspects of disease pathogenesis.

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Typically an organization's testing environment consists of a collection of, not only, hardware, but software tools, solutions, customizations, policies and procedures. This paper proposes that testing organizations benefit from the creation of a Test Object Model (TOM) which is a representation of the organization's environment and provides a set of more complete and customized definitions of terms for the organization. Ideally, these definitions are consistent with industry standards, but in reality that is not always practical. All test organizations are unique and the TOM of each organization will likely differ, sometimes significantly. This proposal does not prescribe any particular format for the representation of the TOM but recommends a minimum level of detail that the TOM should include. By performing a level of object-oriented analysis upon themselves, testing organizations are better able to select vendor tools, create homegrown solutions, and design and implement frameworks for both manual and automated testing.

Aus der chirurgischen Abteilung des St. Marienhospitales.

No abstract