Aiming to delineate the physical framework of blazars, we present an effective method to estimate four important parameters based on the idea proposed by Becker & Kafatos, including the upper limit of central black hole mass M, the Doppler factor δ, the distance along the axis to the site of the γ-ray production d (which then can be transformed into the location of γ-ray-emitting region R γ ) and the propagation angle with respect to the axis of the accretion disk Φ. To do so, we adopt an identical sample with 809 Fermi-LAT-detected blazars which had been compiled in Pei et al. These four derived parameters stepping onto the stage may shed new light on our knowledge regarding γ-ray blazars. With regard to the paper of Becker & Kafatos, we obtain several new perspectives, mainly in (1) putting forward an updated demarcation between BL Lacs and FSRQs based on the relation between broad-line region luminosity and disk luminosity both measured in Eddington units, i.e., L disk/L Edd = 4.68 × 10−3, indicating that there are some differences between BL Lacs and FSRQs on the accretion power in the disk; (2) proposing that there is a so-called “appareling zone,” a potential transition field between BL Lacs and FSRQs where the changing-look blazars perhaps reside; (3) the location of γ-ray emission region is principally constrained outside the broad-line region, and for some BL Lacs are also away from the dusty molecular torus, which means the importance of emission components in the jet.

Cell–cell junctions comprise various structures, including adherens junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. They link cells to each other in tissues and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cellular processes. Recent advances in cell–cell junction research have led to critical discoveries. Cell–cell adhesion components are important for the invasion and metastasis of tumour cells, which are not only related to cell–cell adhesion changes, but they are also involved in critical molecular signal pathways. They are of great significance, especially given that relevant molecular mechanisms are being discovered, there are an increasing number of emerging biomarkers, targeted therapies are becoming a future therapeutic concern, and there is an increased number of therapeutic agents undergoing clinical trials. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common histological subtype of oesophageal cancer, is one of the most common cancers to affect epithelial tissue. ESCC progression is accompanied by the abnormal expression or localisation of components at cell–cell junctions. This review will discuss the recent scientific developments related to the molecules at cell–cell junctions and their role in ESCC to offer valuable insights for readers, provide a global view of the relationships between position, construction, and function, and give a reference for future mechanistic studies, diagnoses, and therapeutic developments.

Objective: This research analyzed the current anxiety situation and its influencing factors of online home classes among college students in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. The study aims to prevent psychological disorders and improve the efficiency of college students online classes. Methods: We developed a questionnaire on the factors affecting anxiety in online classes for college students. A total of 225 college students participated in the survey. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. Results : The anxiety score of college students was (97.19 ± 18.60). Factor analysis on the 25 questions in the questionnaire according to the KMO statistic 0.904 and Bartlett's spherical test (p < 0.05). Six common factors: epidemic (13. 914%), online course model (12.601%), the external environment (11.397%), psychological factors (10.477%), pedagogical factors (7.716%), and self-adjustment factors (7.404%), with a cumulative contribution of 63.51%. On this basis, the total scores of factor analysis by K-means cluster analysis and four types of college students with different degrees of online course anxiety, normal (6.13%), mild anxiety (28.30%), moderate anxiety (45.75%), severe anxiety (19.81%). Conclusions： College students have mild to moderate anxiety in home-based online classes. Male, first-year, and non-medical students are more likely to have anxiety. Factor analysis and cluster analysis can summarize the main influencing factors of college students' online class anxiety, which can provide a practical reference for alleviating college students' online class anxiety and then taking measures.

The location of γ-ray-emitting region in blazars has been an open issue for several decades and is still being debated. We use the Paliya et al. sample of 619 γ-ray-loud flat-spectrum radio quasars with available spectral energy distributions and employ a seed photon factor approach to locate the γ-ray production region. This method efficiently sets up a relation between the peak frequencies and luminosities for the synchrotron emission and inverse Compton scattering, together with a combination of the energy density and characteristic energy for the external seed photon field, namely, U 0 / ϵ 0 , an indicative factor of seed photons in units of Gauss. By comparing it with canonical values of the broad-line region (BLR) and molecular dusty torus (DT), we principally ascertain that the GeV emission originated far beyond the BLR and close to the DT—farther out at parsec scales from the central black hole, which supports a far-site scenario for γ-ray blazars. We probe the idea that inverse Compton scattering of infrared seed photons is happening in the Thomson regime. This approach and our findings are based on the validity of the external Compton model, which is applicable in understanding the GeV emission mechanism in FSRQs. However, the completeness of this framework has been challenged by reports of neutrino emission from blazars. Thus, we also shed new light on the neutrino production region by using our derived results because blazars are promising neutrino emitters.