In this study, a pattern of delayed referral and intervention was observed at both institutions despite differing geographic regions and heterogeneous patient populations. It is important that referring providers realize that scrotal U/S does not change management of UDT and should not delay prompt referral. What is known: • Significant referral delay is a challenging issue in the management of cryptorchidism. • Ultrasound is not a valid method for the detection of cryptorchidism. What is new: • The rural and urban management of cryptorchidism is not that different. • More emphasis should be put on the detection management of cryptorchidism.

There are multiple reports of foreign bodies inserted into the lower urinary tract. We report the case of an incidentally discovered foreign body identified within the bladder in a male patient presenting with a radio antenna protruding from the urethra attached to a head set. On workup patient was found to have an additional foreign body within the bladder and second radiolucent object within the urethra. This case demonstrates the importance of complete evaluation of the lower urinary tract during workup of inserted foreign bodies and the value of the bedside ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in distinguishing between rectal and genitourinary tract insertion.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The gold standard in the management of intra-abdominal undescended testicles (UDT) is laparoscopic orchiopexy, either primary or staged Fowler-Stephens (FS) laparoscopic orchiopexy. Outcomes are excellent with a reported success rates around 96% for primary laparoscopic orchiopexy. However a large number of cases, especially older children, will end up with FS orchiopexy, either one or two stages with less favorable outcomes (88% and 78% respectively) and multiple procedures in the case of two stages. We report the results of all robotic assisted laparoscopic orchiopexies performed at our institution. (1,2) METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all robotic orchiopexy between May 2013 and October 2014. Our technique was similar to previously described laparoscopic orchiopexy, either primary, one or two stage FS.RESULTS: 11 procedures (6 left, 5 right) on 10 consecutive patients, age 21 months and older underwent robotic orchiopexy in our institution. A total of 5 primary orchiopexies (4 patients), 2 one-stage FS orchiopexies (2 patients) and 4 second-stage FS orchiopexies (4 patients) were performed. Mean age of the patients was 62.2AE45.6 months (median 47.5). Mean operative time (cut to close) was 121.6AE26.1 minutes. There were no intra-operative or post-operative complications observed, all patient were discharged home on the same day of surgery. The average follow up time was 6.2 weeks (range 1-9) with 100% of testicles viable and palpable low within the scrotum on follow up. CONCLUSIONS: We report our preliminary series of Robotic assisted laparoscopic orchiopexy with very promising results. The early positive results, irrespective of the technique used, of our case series indicates that this approach may enable us to perform more intra abdominal UDT in one procedure (Primary vs One stage FS) and possibly improve the outcomes of two-stages FS orchiopexies. We

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