Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the kidney and causes a mortality rate of more than 100,000 each year globally. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of the markers in the inflammatory response that also correlate with the alteration of any cancer cells. We investigated the correlation between the NLR on tumor stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, length of stay (LOS), mortality, and recurrence rate in renal cell carcinoma.Methods: We investigated 52 patients with renal cell carcinoma retrospectively from the databases of the patients who underwent radical and partial nephrectomy in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta between 2012 and 2017. Patients were classified as lower stage (T1-T2) and higher stage (T3-T4). We also classified it as a group of Fuhrman nuclear grade (G1, G2, G3, and G4). Two sample t-test or one-way ANOVA was used for the continuous variables and a chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables. Pearson test was used to do the correlation test.Results: Among a total of 52 patients analyzed in our study, there were 36 males (69%) and 16 females (31%). A normal distribution of datasets was verified. The mean of preoperative NLR in these 52 patients was 6.35 (+4.01), with a range of 1.48 - 21.0. The value of NLR was positively correlated with tumor pathologic stage (p = 0.020), length of stay of the patients (p = 0.00), and the mortality rate (p = 0.012). Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was not significantly correlated with Fuhrman tumor grade (p = 0.357) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.670).Conclusions: We compared the relationship of preoperative NLR with renal cell carcinoma tumor stage (T), Fuhrman grade, length of stay, mortality, and tumor recurrence. NLR was found to have a statistically significant higher T stage, mortality, and length of stay of the patients. Further studies with more patients are needed to confirm our study.

Objective: To determine the association between Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1) expression and metastasis in prostate cancer. Material & methods: This study was a prospectivestudy in 45 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in Sardjito General hospital. Patient characteristics and patient clinical data were recorded. Paraffin blocks of 45 patient surgery results were performed with immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody of anti ALDH1A1 (EP1933Y, Biocare, dilution 1: 200). ALDH1 expression differences between prostate cancer without metastases and prostate cancer with metastasis was compared and analyzed with Chi-square. Results: This study involved 45 prostate cancer patients with median of age of 74 years. A high Gleason scores was found in 25 (55.6%) patients with prostate cancer and 24 (53.3%) patients had metastasis to the bone. The high expression of ALDH1 was found in 30 (66.7%) patients. The incidence of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer was associated with high levels of ALDH1 (p < 0.001, OR, 95% CI 17.88 (3.28-97.83) and was not associated with Gleason score (p = 0.316). Conclusion: Prostate cancer cells with high ALDH1A1 level increased the risk of the incidence of bone metastasis. ALDH1A1 level in prostate cancer cells can be considered as a predictor factor of the bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

Background: Prostatic anomalies are common in tumor or infection condition. The enlargement of prostate gland affects the epithelial cell polarity that involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transition into mesenchymal is mediated by transcription factor ZEB1 and E-cadherin protein. Upregulation of ZEB1 and loss of E-Cadherin expression were associated to proliferation and metastasis of malignancy cells. This study aims to describe the correlation of ZEB1 and E-cadherin expression in prostatic anomaly.Materials and method: Samples were Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) block consist of 8 block Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), 6 blocks High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) and 6 blocks Prostate Carcinoma (PCA). The blocks then sliced into 5 sections to be prepared for RNA extraction procedures. ZEB1 and E-Cadherin expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative procedures using PCR and electrophoresis. Correlation between ZEB1 and E-Cadherin espression was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation.Results: Relative expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNA in each group of prostatic anomaly were not significantly different (p>0.05). ZEB1 and E-Cadherin mRNA expression showed a significant and moderate level of negative correlation (p<0.05; 0.40 < r < 0.59). Increasing of ZEB1 mRNA expression will be followed by decreasing of E-Cadherin mRNA expression.Conclusion: ZEB1 negatively correlates with E-cadherin due to EMT process in prostatic anomaly. High expression of ZEB1 induced down-regulation of E-cadherin and vise versa. Various studies can be developed, especially the development of targeted therapy against ZEB1 to suppress the EMT process by increasing the expression of E-cadherin.Keywords: epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ZEB1, E-Cadherin, BPH, HGPIN, PCA

Globally, prostate cancer (PCA) is the second leading cause of male cancer-associated mortality. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs considered promising biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. A miR-141 expression is frequently dysregulated and influences the development and progression of PCA. This study aimed to identify miR-141 expression level as a marker to differentiate PCA from another prostate anomaly, especially in Yogyakarta. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for each three groups: benign prostatic hyperplasia/BPH, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia/HGPIN, and PCA (n=7/group) were stored in a commercial clinical laboratory in Yogyakarta. The total RNA was extracted from FFPE sections using miRNeasy FFPE kit, followed by the quantification of miR-141-3p expression level by RT-PCR. The result showed that miR-141 relative expression level on PCA was higher than other groups and significantly different (P<0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). The mean of the miR-141 relative expression level of BPH, HGPIN, and PCA were 1.04±0.87, 6.44±7.8, and 7.06±8.83, respectively. The relative expression level of miR-141 can potentially be a prognostic biomarker in PCA and could differentiate aggressiveness in prostate anomaly, especially BPH, HGPIN, and PCA.

Objective: This study was to evaluate the associations among metabolic components, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV) in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients.Material & method: During the period from January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2013, 61 mens were diagnosed with BPH were enrolled. PV by transabdominal ultrasonography of the prostate, serum PSA, metabolic syndrome (MS) related parameters were investigated. MS was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel Guidelines. We evaluated the correlation between PSA, PV and MS components using Spearman’s test and Independent t test.Results: PV were not correlated with MS criteria (p=0.591) PSA total also were not correlated with MS criteria (p=0.305). PV were not correlated with each components MS; cholesterol total (p=0.593), trigliserid (p=0.479), HDL (p=0.702), LDL (p=0.512), blood glucose (p=0.317). PSA total were not correlated with each components MS; cholesterol total (p=0.255), trigliserid (p=0.543), HDL (p=0.446), LDL (p=0.615), blood glucose (p=0.987). Conclusion: There were no associations among metabolic syndrome criteria and each components, prostate volume and PSA total.