Introducción: la infección del virus del Zika, si bien no es una enfermedad mortal, según la OMS se encuentra en la actualidad declarada como una emergencia sanitaria global. Su incidencia es variable según el país sin embargo, esta incrementa exponencialmente de acuerdo al clima. Este comportamiento se debe a que el principal vector transmisor de la enfermedad se reproduce en climas tropicales. Objetivos: (1) establecer el nivel de conocimiento que poseen los residentes de La Bahía de Las Calderas acerca de la enfermedad por el virus del Zika. (2) Comparar los datos de acuerdo a si padeció o no la enfermedad y edad. (3) Identificar los medios de comunicación más utilizados para obtener este conocimiento. Material y métodos: se aplicaron 214 cuestionarios donde diferentes variables fueron evaluadas con el fin de determinar el entendimiento general acerca de la enfermedad por el virus del Zika Resultados: un 70.9% refirieron haber escuchado acerca de la infección por el virus del Zika, no obstante, al cuestionarse acerca de los síntomas y vía de transmisión los conocimientos resultaron ser pobres o confusos. Un 61.2% mencionó como síntoma rash máculo-papular. Haber padecido o no la enfermedad no influye en el grado de conocimientos. La fuente de información más común fue la televisión. Conclusiones: aunque existe cierto grado de conocimiento acerca de la infección por el virus del Zika, se denota cierto grado de desinformación, debido quizás a la falta de campañas y/o que la fuente de información más utilizada no es la ideal. La mayoría de población pareció tener un buen conocimiento acerca de cuáles son las mejores medidas preventivas.
Background A continuing nationwide vaccination campaign began in the Dominican Republic on February 16, 2021 to prevent severe consequences of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness under real-world conditions are needed to support policy decision making and inform further vaccine selection. Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control study to assess the real-world effectiveness of nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program using an inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) on preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations from August to November 2021 in the Dominican Republic. Participants were recruited from 10 hospitals in 5 provinces to estimate the effectiveness of full immunization (≥14 days after receipt of the second dose) and partial immunization (otherwise with at least one dose ≥14 days after receipt of the first dose). Results Of 1,078 adult participants seeking health care for COVID-19-related symptoms, 395 (36.6%) had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2; 142 (13.2%) were hospitalized during 15 days of follow-up, including 91 (23%) among 395 PCR-positive and 51 (7.5%) among 683 PCR-negative participants. Full vaccination was associated with 31% lower odds of symptomatic infection (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.93) and partial vaccination was associated with 49% lower odds (0.51; 0.30-0.86). Among 395 PCR-positive participants, full vaccination reduced the odds of COVID-19 related hospitalization by 85% (0.15; 0.08-0.25) and partial vaccination reduced it by 75% (0.25; 0.08-0.80); full vaccination was associated with reduced use of assisted ventilation by 73% (0.27; 0.15-0.49). Conclusions Given the ancestral and delta viral variants circulating during this study period, our results suggest that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine offered moderate protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and high protection against COVID-19 related hospitalizations and assisted ventilation. This is reassuring given that, as of August 2022, an estimated 2.6 billion inactivated CoronaVac® vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. This vaccine will become a basis for developing multivalent vaccine against currently circulating omicron variant.
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