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The ongoing growth of city populations has brought new challenges and increased complexity to everyday city life. In response, numerous cities are making efforts to adopt new information technologies to become more efficient and transform themselves into smart cities. A large body of research has underlined that the success of these smart city initiatives depends on putting citizens at the center of the design process. In contrast to the techno-centric view applied in the past, citizen-centric approaches focus on prioritizing the needs of citizens over technology and aim to involve them directly in the development of smart city services. In this paper, we describe this involvement as citizen development by introducing a model-based architecture that enables citizens to develop smart city services in a low-code fashion. Consequently, we focus on citizen developers, a group of citizens engaged with the technological development of services. Further, the conceptualization of a citizen development architecture is discussed, as well as the ways citizens can interact with it. An important pillar in this approach are citizen workshops, which aim to stimulate innovative ideas and collaboration among stakeholder by using design thinking methodology. Our approach empowers citizens to become active producers within the smart city ecosystem, leading to more inclusive and citizen-centric smart cities.

Servitivation is a global trend in manufacturing industry that requires a challenging and complex transformation. In this context, engineering and design Product-Service System (PSS), capturing both product and service perspectives and balancing customer satisfaction and internal efficiency, are becoming more and more essential. To this purpose, the SEEM (SErvice Engineering Methodology) methodology is proposed and the SEEM Modeling toolkit supporting its implementation is presented. Lastly, this chapter describes the metholodgy and the tool implementations in a case study in an Italian manufacturing company.

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