Our research has two main aims. It undertakes the validation of a six-item trait mindfulness scale called Mindful Presence Scale (MPS), which measures central aspects of mindfulness. For the first time in mindfulness literature, the construal level of scale items is also examined. Four questionnaire-based online studies were conducted. Study 1 drew three samples (nn = 391, np = 215, and nb = 235) from the students at the University of Debrecen. It examined the factor structure, reliability, and internal consistency of the three differently worded scale versions. The positively worded scale version (MPSp) yielded a stable two-factor structure and demonstrated the best psychometric properties. Study 2 performed a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample drawn from public employees across the country (ncfa = 420). The two-factor solution in Study 1 was confirmed. χ2 tests were not significant, and fit indices were excellent. There was no significant difference between the high-level construal subscale (Fhlc) and the low-level construal subscale (Fllc) in terms of factorial stability. Participant of Study 3 were students who did not take part in Study 1. The sample (ninv = 250) was tested for measurement invariance across gender. The scaled results supported strong/threshold invariance. Study 4 tested concurrent validity with 10 concurrent instruments. A sample of secondary school teachers (ncon = 128) was tested by examining Spearman's rank order correlations. There was a significant difference in how the Fhlc and Fllc subscales predicted scores of some of the concurrent instruments. Further research is warranted into how the construal level of mindfulness scale items affects the recollection of the mindful experience. Overall, MPSp proved to be a valid short mindfulness measure.

A tanulmány a sport és a depresszió összefüggéseit vizsgálja szabadidő- és a versenysportolók körében. A vizsgált faktorokat mérő kérdőívet (Beck-féle Depresszió Kérdőív rövidített változat) összesen 436 fő töltötte ki, ebből 139 szabadidősportoló és 297 versenysportoló volt. Vizsgálatom célja az volt, hogy a felmért mintán feltérképezzem, hogy a sport védő faktorként megjelenik-e a szabadidősporttal foglalkozó fiataloknál, illetve tud-e érvényesülni a sport védő hatása a versenysportolók körében is, a depresszió különböző tüneteivel szemben. Továbbá van-e összefüggés a nem, a végzettség, a foglalkozás és a legális szerek fogyasztása és a depresszió között. A kapott eredményekből látható, hogy a versenysportolók depresszió értéke tendenciájában nagyobb értéket mutat, mint a szabadidősportolóké. Továbbá a 18-20 éveseknél szignifikánsan magasabb depresszió érték tapasztalható, mint a 30 éveseknél és az afölöttieknél. Nemek tekintetében is jelentős eltérés mutatkozott, a nők javára. Az alacsony végzettségűek, valamint a nem teljes állásban foglalkoztatottak több depreszsziós tünetet észlelnek magukon. A legális szerek fogyasztását vizsgálva az alkohol és a depresszió között összefüggést tudtam kimutatni

The article is about a program selecting and attending sports talents in order to select and attend to the conscious sports talents so as to support convenient supply for the sections of the Sport School of Debrecen as well as for the adult sports organizations of Debrecen.

The study examines the relationship between coping strategies and smoking and alcohol consumption among athletes, recreational athletes and non-athlete individuals. The factors examined were measured by a validated questionnaire version of Folkman-Lazarus (1980) (Ways of coping) (16 items) and asked about the smoking and alcohol consumption patterns of the respondents. The total sample number was 813 people, of whom 341 were athletes, 292 were recreational and 180 were non-athletes. 54.4% of the sample is female and 45.6% is male. In my research, I focused on mapping intrapersonal coping strategies among athletes, recreational athletes, and the non-athlete individuals, and explored gender differences. Furthermore, how smoking and alcohol consumption appear as a negative coping strategy in the measured sample. As a method besides descriptive statistics the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify normality, and the hypotheses were tested with non-parameterized test (Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney). For coping strategies I found a significant difference among the non-, recreational and competitive athletes, and there is a significant difference between genders as well. In the case of cognitive restructurings, there was a significant difference in favor of sports and recreational athletes versus non-athletes, while in problem analysis and passive coping I found a significant difference in favor of women compared to men. Significant differences were also found in the case of psychoactive substance use. Among the three groups, as the intensity of sport increases, the number of smokers decreases. In the case of smoking, a significant difference was found in the coping strategies referring to reduction of the stress in the whole sample. In the case of alcohol consumption, in coping strategies were found significant differences between stress reduction, problem analysis and passive coping. JEL CODE: M21, O21 ARTICLE IN PRESS!

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