Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between financial development (FD) and monetary policy effectiveness (MPE) on output and inflation in ASEAN-3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines). Design/methodology/approach This study uses an open economy structural vector autoregressive model to generate MPE. Then, an autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model is used to analyze the effect of FD on MPE across countries. Findings The findings revealed that FD plays a different role in MPE across countries. In Malaysia, a more developed financial system tends to reduce the MPE on output, whereas in Singapore, results show that the more developed financial system (stock market capitalization) tends to increase MPE on output. However, in the Philippines, the main results show that the effect of FD (liquid liabilities) upon MPE on output is depending on the policy variable (interest rates or money supply). Originality/value This paper fills this gap by providing the first study of ASEAN-3 countries in examining how effective is a monetary policy in response to the development of the financial market across the country. Second, this paper considers two FD indicators, namely, the banking sector and capital market development in investigating its effect on MPE on output and inflation. Third, the authors construct the MPE in each country using a structural (identified) VAR model by aggregating the response of output growth and inflation rate on monetary policy changes (interest rate and money supply) using impulse–response function. Regarding this, the results of this study provide new empirical evidence and insight into the long debate on the relationship between FD and the MPE.

The purpose of this current study is to assess the effect of tourism density on the environmental performance index on 10 ASEAN countries from 2002 to 2017. This study adopted panel data regressions with the Driscoll and Kraay standard. This method accounts for cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and the possible correlation between countries when observing the environmental performance index and tourism density. Empirical results found a statistically significant and negative relationship between the tourism density index and the environmental performance index in 10 ASEAN countries. This result implied that an increase in the tourism density index will deteriorate the environmental performance index. The results of this study underline the need for sustainable tourism policies and practices in tourism destinations to be executed by the local stakeholders and policymaker to accelerating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in ASEAN countries. In addition, this study offers justification for the policymaker to give careful attention to the carrying capacity of a tourist destination.

This paper examines the relationship between financial development (FD) and the monetary policy effectiveness (MPE) in Malaysia. Two indicators designate the level of FD, namely liquid liabilities and stock market capitalisation, and gross fixed capital formation are used in estimating the determinants of MPE which is generated using structural vector auto regressive (SVAR) in an open economy approach. Accordingly, an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used in examining the effects of FD and gross fixed capital formation on MPE. Using a yearly time series data spanning from 1991 to 2016, the results revealed that there is a cointegration between FD and gross fixed capital formation on MPE. Interestingly, FD has a negatively significant effect on MPE on output and inflation, which indicates that a more developed financial system has hindered the effectiveness of the monetary policy.