This study compares carbon sequestration rates along two independent tidal mangrove creeks near Naples Bay in Southwest Florida, USA. One tidal creek is hydrologically disturbed due to upstream land use changes; the other is an undisturbed reference creek. Soil cores were collected in basin, fringe, and riverine hydrogeomorphic settings along each of the two tidal creeks and analyzed for bulk density, total organic carbon profiles, and sediment accretion. Radionuclides 137 Cs and 210 Pb were used to estimate recent sediment accretion and carbon sequestration rates.Carbon sequestration rates (mean˘standard error) for seven sites in the two tidal creeks on the Naples Bay (98˘12 g-C m´2¨year´1 (n = 18)) are lower than published global means for mangrove wetlands, but consistent with other estimates from the same region. Mean carbon sequestration rates in the reference riverine setting were highest (162˘5 g-C m´2¨year´1), followed by rates in the reference fringe and disturbed riverine settings (127˘6 and 125˘5 g-C m´2¨year´1, respectively). The disturbed fringe sequestered 73˘10 g-C m´2¨year´1, while rates within the basin settings were 50˘4 g-C m´2¨year´1 and 47˘4 g-C m´2¨year´1 for the reference and disturbed creeks, respectively. These data support our hypothesis that mangroves along a hydrologically disturbed tidal creek sequestered less carbon than did mangroves along an adjacent undisturbed reference creek.