No abstract

1-(2-Thienyl)-2-(methylamino)propane (methiopropamine, MPA), the thiophene analogue of methamphetamine, has recently appeared on a number of websites offering 'legal highs' for sale and has also been reported as a new psychoactive substance by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction (EMCDDA) Early Warning System. The drug is currently not controlled in the European Union (EU) but it would be expected that forensic laboratories will encounter it during routine analysis. As no reference standard was available, we have established a three-step protocol for its synthesis. We have also synthesized its 3-thienyl isomer and have established that this is separable from methiopropamine by gas chromatography using one of our routine protocols. The synthetic methodology presented here could be readily extended to the syntheses of analogous compounds.

N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (N-methyl-3-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine, Camfetamine(™) ) is available from a number of online legal highs/research chemicals' vendors. Although it was developed as an analeptic by Merck in the early 1960s, it was never commercialized. However, the Association of Independent Research Chemical Retailers (AIRCR), an umbrella organization for a number of online vendors, has redeveloped it for use as a recreational drug. N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine is closely related to fencamfamine which has been widely used as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and appetite suppressant. In this paper we describe the synthesis of N-methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine, its characterization and interpretations of its electron impact, and electrospray ionization mass spectra.

Elevated platelet counts are frequently encountered in hospital medicine and arise from both physiological and pathological mechanisms. Thrombocytosis may be secondary, reflecting an inflammatory state, iron deficiency, recent surgery or point towards an underlying neoplasm. Thrombocytosis may be the presenting sign of solid tumours and haematological conditions. The discovery of the activating mutations affecting thrombopoiesis led to greater understanding of the pathobiology of essential thrombocythaemia and other myeloproliferative neoplasms. The investigation of suspected primary thrombocytosis has evolved to include testing for these disease-associated mutations. Therapy for patients with essential thrombocythaemia aims to reduce their risk of thrombotic complications by addressing cardiovascular risk factors, and using antiplatelet agents and, in selected patients, cytoreductive therapy. This article provides a logical approach to distinguishing reactive or secondary thrombocytosis from thrombocytosis associated with an underlying myeloproliferative neoplasm and gives an overview of the management of essential thrombocythaemia.

SummaryHaemostatic derangements are a hallmark of preeclampsia and appear to favour an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. However, haemorrhagic complications have also been reported. The mechanisms underlying these competing risks remain to be fully elucidated although recent work has highlighted the role of placental factors, such as extra-cellular vesicles and inflammatory mediators, in modulating these haemostatic derangements as well as driving progression of preeclampsia. Identifying affected women at risk of thrombosis and managing the competing thrombotic and haemorrhagic risks continue to be a significant clinical challenge. Derangements in blood coagulation are also implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; however, the role of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs in the management of this disorder remains a source of debate. Further characterisation of the underlying molecular mechanisms would likely be of major translational relevance and could provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease as well as the associated haemostatic dysfunction.