Competition for other sources of biomass energy is a major constraint in the efficiency of charcoal production, hence little or no demand for its uses. Data were collected using 65 structural questionnaires and was accompanied by oral interview. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency and stochastic frontier production function. The study revealed that mean age of producers was 36 years; 96.9% were males and 3.1 were females. Majority of the producers (76.9%) had no formal training on how to produce charcoal, 30.8 has primary education, 38.5 has secondary education and 13.8% had post-secondary education. Most of the respondents (29.2%) had 6-10 years of experience. The frontier production function also revealed that variables identified accounted for 76 % (sigma square 0.76 of the variation observed in the producers margin per month. The mean efficiency of the producers was 85% which shows that they were highly efficient due to low cost on wood and water (P<=0.05). Thus, this study concludes that even though charcoal production will continue to have a negative impact on our environment due to deforestation. Government should think on how to make forest resources sustainable and to be a means of generating income, providing employment, reduce poverty and above all reduce global warming through a forestation.Key words: Biomass, Efficiency, Frontier, Production, Technical, Stochastic Renewable.

Managing environmental hazards in any environment is imperative as they are harmful phenomena, objects, behaviours, conditions or human activities which may result in loss of life, injury and other health impacts. Therefore, this article assessed how students' socioeconomic attributes affect their ability to cope with issues of sanitary hazards in tertiary public education institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study evaluated such relationships using a perceptual approach whereby socioeconomic characteristics of students and their responses to sanitary hazards were captured. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey which was administered to each of the selected 367 students residing on campus in three tertiary institutions using probability sampling procedures. Data obtained were analysed using frequency distribution and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings revealed that students' coping ability had significant variation with socioeconomic variability such as age of student (F (3,363) = 4.090, p = 0.007*), ethnicity (F (3,363) = 3.381, p = 0.018*) and childhood environment (F (2,364) = 7.207, p = 0.010*). Of which the effect size measures of these attributes as presented by the Eta-squared statistic indicated that each attribute of these socioeconomic variability [age (0.033), ethnicity (0.027) and childhood environment (0.038)] accounted for a medium magnitude of students' coping ability. The study, however, concludes that students are in need of environmental sanitation education to provide the required health knowledge and safety precautions to ensure sanitary environments within the institutions.