We demonstrate that initiating testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men involves a low risk of worsening lower urinary tract symptoms. In fact, many men experience symptom improvement while changes in prostate specific antigen appear minor. Future research should focus on larger patient population studies to further examine this relationship.

Introduction A penile prosthesis infection (PPI) is either treated with explantation of the prosthesis with a possible delayed reimplantation or a salvage procedure with an immediate reimplantation of the prosthesis. Aim We used a large, all-payer national database to investigate the use of the salvage procedure in the setting of PPI. Methods The study used years 2000–2009 of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify PPIs treated with immediate salvage or explantation alone. Admissions were then stratified by various parameters to compare differences in the salvage rates. Main Outcome Measures Salvage Rate of Penile Prosthesis infection. Results A total of 1,557 patients were treated with an explantation only (82.7%) or salvage (17.3%) for PPI, a proportion that remained stable over the study period. The patients treated with salvage were younger (60.4 vs. 65.1 years), more likely to be discharged home (87.3% vs. 61.9%), and were less likely to have a severe presentation (7.2% vs. 31.6%) than those who were explanted only (P < 0.001). These factors were confirmed on multivariate regression analysis. The regression also revealed that treatment at rural hospitals had lower odds of salvage than treatment at urban teaching hospitals. Race, comorbid diabetes, and insurance status did not independently affect the salvage rate. There was no significant difference in total hospital charges between groups. Conclusions Salvage rates have remained low over the past decade. Our study elucidated several factors decreasing the chances of salvage after PPI including age, severity of presentation, and hospital setting.

No abstract

No abstract

In this paper, a strong multiplicity one theorem for Katz modular forms is studied. We show that a cuspidal Katz eigenform which admits an irreducible Galois representation is in the level and weight old space of a uniquely associated Katz newform. We also set up multiplicity one results for Katz eigenforms which have reducible Galois representation.