The paper presents two different compaction techniques used on the Port Botany Expansion Project in Sydney-Australia: Deep Dynamic Compaction and Vibroflotation. The Expansion Project relied on the reclamation of 63 hectares of land within the Botany Bay to create a new container terminal and required geotechnical works to densify the reclaimed fine sandy materials as well as bands of insitu geotechnical units rich in fines and clayey particles. Whilst treatment of homogeneous geotechnical profiles has received great attention the implication for both Dynamic Compaction and Vibroflotation of geotechnical variability has been seldom studied and requires further analysis. The execution of hundreds of geotechnical testing pre and post treatment on the Port Botany site will provide an opportunity to assess the relevance of historical approaches in the dimensioning of such soil improvement techniques.

The Runway End Safety Area (RESA) is an extension to the end of one of Sydney International Airport's runways. As this Area passes through or close to a number of already existing facilities it has had to be bridged over a heritage listed sewer, an airport perimeter road and a highway road. RESA was previously low lying farming land, man-made filling from earlier dredging works and predominantly marine originated alluvium with a high groundwater level. The loads generated by bridging RESA over existing structures and lowering the road level at the intersection with RESA has required the application of special geotechnical methods. Jet Grouting was used in RESA for multiple purposes such as increasing the ground's bearing, retaining the ground and creating impermeable barriers to cut off the flow of water during construction in difficult ground conditions, obstructions, height limitations and specific airport regulations. Multiple requirements and variations in ground conditions required detailed design for numerous cases and stages of the work using finite element calculations. Quality control, testing and monitoring was able to demonstrate the successful application of jet grouting in this complicated project.

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