Las contribuciones producidas por la arqueología, la antropología física, la lingüística y la gené-tica, en los últimos veinte años, han revolucionado el estudio de los orígenes de los habitantes deEn los últimos años, contribuciones producidas por la arqueología, la antropología física, la lingüística y la genética han revolucionado el estudio de los orígenes de los habitantes de América. Esta revolución descansa sobre contribuciones de diferentes disciplinas, descarta creencias tradicionales y aporta materiales sofisticados relativos a cuestiones básicas de la presencia del ser humano en territorio americano. A partir de restos de piezas dentarias, los antropólogos físi-cos han podido obtener, por ejemplo, especímenes resistentes a alteraciones postmortem que guardan una relación directa con los cambios evolutivos específicos de las poblaciones. Al mismo tiempo, el estudio de las frecuencias genéticas y las distribuciones cambiantes de las marcas genéticas en poblaciones originarias del territorio americano ha producido información nueva sobre los patrones de asentamiento y migración, poniendo en entredicho la evidencia arqueológica sobre las primeras migraciones humanas. Estas investigaciones, muchas de las cuales da-
In recent years, contributions from the fields of archeology, physical anthropology, linguistics, and genetics have revolutionized the study of the origins, timing and process of human settlement in America. This re-thinking of the origins question has been based on a muln-disciplinarv approach to the subject. Not only have traditional beliefs been questioned, but a far more sophisticated body of new materials has emerged to analyze the basic issues involved in determining the origins of human settlement in the Americas. From dental remains, the physical anthropologists have been able to obtain specimens that are both highly resistant to post-mortem alterations and directly related to populationspecific evolutionary changes. At the same time, the study of gene frequencies and changing distributions of genetic markers among Native American populations has produced new data on historical settlement and migration patterns, which often challenge the archaeological evidence of early human migrations. In turn, this new research, much of which has occurred only in the last twenty years, has itself led to new debates and the emergence of new questions. The aim of this essay is to provide the reader with a brief guide to this literature and the questions that have been raised.
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