The modified Glasgow Blatchford Score performed as well as the full Glasgow Blatchford Score while outperforming both Rockall Scores for prediction of clinical outcomes in American patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed. By eliminating the subjective components of the Glasgow Blatchford Score, the modified Glasgow Blatchford Score may be easier to use and therefore more easily implemented into routine clinical practice.

Many patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and atypical features or IBDU may have small-bowel findings on capsule endoscopy that are consistent with Crohn's disease. Capsule endoscopy should be considered in ulcerative colitis patients with atypical clinical features particularly after colectomy.

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In the fetal circulation, the foramen ovale is a necessary communication allowing shunting of blood from the right to the left atrium. 1 At birth, blood returning from the pulmonary circulation increases, causing closure of the foramen ovale. 1 However, in 20-34% of the general population, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) persists. 1 In most cases, PFOs are not pathogenic, but if the shunt across a PFO is significant, complications can occur. 2 We searched the literature for studies exploring the indications, approaches and complications of PFO closure (Supporting Information, appendix 1). For optimal treatment, clinicians should consider the risks and benefits surrounding PFO closure.