BackgroundThe purpose of this scoping review was to review the literature on healthcare provider provision of anti-D prophylaxis to RhD negative pregnant women in appropriate clinical situations in various healthcare settings.MethodsA scoping review framework was used to structure the process. The following databases were searched: CINAHL (EBSCO), EBM Reviews (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), Medline (OvidSP), and Web of Science (ISI). In addition, hand searching of article references was conducted. The search yielded 301 articles. Thirty-five articles remained for review after screening. Two team members reviewed each article using a detailed data collection sheet. A third reviewer was utilized if discrepancies occurred amongst reviewers.ResultsThe review process yielded 18 included articles. The majority of the studies were conducted in the United Kingdom. Of the 18 studies, 15 were retrospective studies. The articles were largely conducted in one institution. The articles with a focus on routine antenatal provision of anti-D immunoglobulin found that it was given 80 to 90% of the time. Postpartum provision of anti-D immunoglobulin had significantly higher results of 95-100%. The review found that the delivery of anti-D immunoglobulin to RhD negative pregnant women during situations of potential sensitizing events was suboptimal.ConclusionsThe included articles examine the management of RhD negative pregnancies in various countries with existing national guidelines. The existing evidence indicates an opportunity for quality improvement in situations where potential sensitizing events are not at routine times in pregnancy, such as miscarriage or fetal demise early in pregnancy. Routine care for the prevention of RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy and postpartum appears to be fairly consistent. The paucity of recent literature in this area leads to a recommendation for further research.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-014-0411-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Community health worker (CHW) programs have emerged as an effective way to address the growing double burden of acute and chronic diseases in developing countries. Affordable and ruggedized biomedical devices can enable CHWs to provide diagnostic and screening services to their communities. However, low profit margins make such devices and markets unattractive to large diagnostics companies. Diagnostic test strips, created with inkjet printers by depositing biochemical reagents on paper, are both practical and cost-effective. Such test strips can rapidly detect pathogens and other abnormalities through readilyinterpretable visual results, making them well-suited for use by CHWs in the field.

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