Introduction:Rehabilitation techniques have been used to facilitate reading acquisition in dyslexia. However, many individuals continue to present academic impairment throughout life. New intervention strategies are necessary to further help this population.Objectives:Assess the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia.Methods:The study was conducted with one-group pretest–posttest. Participants received 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation during 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Reading performance was measured by a group of tasks (identification and reading of letters, syllables, words, nonwords, and text).Results:A significant increase in the number of correct answers for nonwords and text tasks was observed after transcranial direct current stimulation (P = .035 and P = .012, respectively).Conclusion:The transcranial direct current stimulation seems to be a promising tool for the treatment of reading problems in dyslexia. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and to establish optimal intervention protocol in this population.

Purpose To characterize swallowing in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome in comparison to typical children. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 children diagnosed with congenital Zika virus syndrome and 45 others with typical development. Swallowing was evaluated through clinical feeding evaluations Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica and using acoustic swallowing parameters (Doppler sonar). Results The mean age of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome was 26.69 ± 4.46 months and the mean head circumference was 29.20 ± 1.98 cm. Moderate/severe oropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 32(71.1%) of the children with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Significant differences were found between the groups on clinical evaluation: Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome presented insufficient lip closure 42(93.3%) and altered tonus of the tongue 35(77.8%) and cheeks 34(75.6%). In the children in the comparison group, only 6(13.3%) presented insufficient lip closure and 1(2.2%) had inadequate tongue posture. Changes during swallowing with liquid and spoonable food were not observed in the comparison group. When liquid/food was offered, affected children presented difficulties in sipping movements 14(77.8%) and lip/spoon contact 35(75%). The presence of residual food in the oral cavity after swallowing 38(86.4%) and clinical signs indicative of laryngotracheal penetration/aspiration, such as coughing, gagging and/or labored breathing, were also notable. No differences were found between the groups with regard to the acoustic parameters evaluated instrumentally. Conclusion Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome present alterations in the oral phase of swallowing, as well as clinical signs indicative of pharyngeal phase impairment.

<strong>Introdução</strong>: os desafios decorrentes da propagação da Covid-19 têm promovido uma aceleração do uso das ferramentas tecnológicas. A conectividade digital se estabelece ainda mais nos hábitos diários, especialmente no trabalho em saúde. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Descrever as fragilidades e potencialidades do trabalho fonoaudiológico em ambiente virtual, em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: estudo transversal, de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Participaram desta pesquisa 32 fonoaudiólogos inscritos no Conselho Regional de Fonoaudiologia 4ª Região, com atuação no Estado da Bahia. Utilizou-se um questionário online no Google Forms como instrumento de coleta de dados. Os resultados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica Excel. Os dados categóricos foram resumidos por meio de frequência absoluta (n) e relativa (%). <strong>Resultados</strong>: acerca das fragilidades, 65,6% referiram-nas como referentes ao manuseio de ferramentas tecnológicas e plataformas digitais; 87,5% referiram resistência do paciente em aderir ao tratamento fonoaudiológico diante da mudança do modo presencial para o teleatendimento, ocorrendo o abandono da assistência fonoaudiológica. Quanto às potencialidades, têm-se a manutenção da assistência fonoaudiológica mesmo durante o isolamento social, comodidade do profissional devido a não locomoção e principalmente dos pacientes, cuja moradia é distante dos serviços de saúde; maior flexibilidade nos horários de reuniões virtuais, aumento da frequência de contato com o usuário e maior participação da família no atendimento fonoaudiológico. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: apesar das fragilidades observadas, as potencialidades encontradas no trabalho virtual permitiram a manutenção da assistência fonoaudiológica a pacientes, mesmo em tempos de pandemia. Portanto, a tecnologia mostra-se como uma forte aliada no atendimento à saúde.

Objective:The main aim of this study was to determine the impact of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on severity and frequency of drooling in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study including 23 children who received bilateral injections of BTX in the parotid and submandibular glands. The Thomas-Stonell & Greenberg Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale was applied by a multidisciplinary team including Speech, Language and Hearing professionals. The Global Impression of Improvement (GII) Scale was also applied to assess parents' subjective perceptions of therapeutic response. Swallowing was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse differences between responders and non-responders. Results: Participant age varied from 27 to 38 months (mean 31.78, SD = 2.61) all presented with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) V. Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale scores ranged from 7 to 9 points (median = 9) prior to BTX administration and from 4 to 6 (median = 6) after. Pre-and post-treatment reduction in drooling severity occurred (Z = −3.746; p < 0.001). No cases of drooling worsening were reported. Only two subjects presented adverse effects attributed to BTX administration. Correlation was only confirmed with GII. Discussion: This article presents the safe and positive impact of BTX-A administration guided by anatomical references described in the literature, even on children with microcephaly. Further studies are needed to facilitate the use of Doppler ultrasonography as a tool to characterize changes in sensory processing and motor response following intraoral input in children with CP.