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The internet of things envisions self-controlled and decentralized environments in which hardware devices, equipped with sensors and actuators, communicate with each other through standardized internet protocols to reach common goals. However, this leads to very complex environments, for example smart factories, which require fulfilling a large variety of challenges to enable functioning IoT applications. These challenges include, for example, powerful communication technologies and standards, security, privacy, efficiency, or robustness. Hence, a combination of many different research areas is necessary to create holistic IoT environments and applications. This is especially the case in safety-critical environments, such as smart cities or smart factories. In this survey paper, the authors discuss challenges and research gaps in the area of IoT. By doing so, they discuss whether these challenges are fulfilled by state-of-the-art approaches or whether there are still research gaps to be filled.

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