Introducción— Dentro de la elicitación de requisitos los stakeholders generalmente no logran articular requisitos de interoperabilidad (RI) acordes a las necesidades del negocio, debido a que las organizaciones se enfocan en aspectos técnicos de las soluciones en lugar de realizar sistemáticamente un análisis holístico de la interoperabilidad y su relación con aspectos del negocio. Objetivo: Describir un framework que orienta desde la perspectiva de negocio, la captura y especificación de RI que pueden presentarse entre los sistemas organizacionales que componen los procesos de una organización. Metodología— Fue utilizado el método de investigación-acción para definir y aplicar cada uno de los componentes del framework propuesto a partir de cuatro ciclos de investigación y tres ciclos de resolución de problemas en los cuales se aplicó la técnica de estudios de caso. Resultados— El marco está constituido por cuatro componentes, un conjunto de heurísticas que permiten identificar RI, un modelo que describe los atributos que constituyen la interoperabilidad a nivel de negocio, un proceso que orienta la captura de RI, y una guía para especificar los RI. Por otra parte, los RI desde la perspectiva del negocio se plantean como partida para el desarrollo de los aspectos que se deben abordar en los niveles inferiores de interoperabilidad correspondientes a procesos, servicios y datos. Conclusiones— A través de tres estudios de caso, se describe la experiencia en la aplicación de la propuesta en dos organizaciones. Los resultados iniciales muestran que el framework es útil, práctico y adecuado para abordar la elicitación de RI.
Introduction: this article is the product of the research called a framework to support the elicitation of interoperability requirements (IR) based on the needs of an organization's business processes, developed at the Universidad del Cauca in 2019. Problem: within the requirements elicitation process, stakeholders generally fail to articulate IR according to the business needs, causing the development of systems incompatible with systems in other functional areas. Objective: to identify, define and classify a set of attributes that constitute the interoperability at the business level, which must be considered during the elicitation of an IR. Methodology: the development of the model followed these activities: (i) establishment of the aspects to be considered in the interoperability at the business level, (ii) identification of the attributes that make up each aspect, (iii) definition of the identified attributes and the options that can be obtained in response, and (iv) classification of the attributes. Results: a model that describes 21 attributes that constitute the interoperability at the business level, classified in the following views: emitters and receivers, types of interaction, data flow properties, and conditions to use the communicated data. Conclusion: from the application of the model in the elicitation of a set of IR of two functional areas of an organization, it was identified that the attributes favor the common understanding among members of different areas and support the analysis and planning of the exchanges of information. Originality: to identify and define a set of attributes that constitute interoperability at the business level. Limitations: the model must be used by a process that guides the elicitation of the attributes that make up the IR.
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