The quality of strain measurements using distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) depends largely on the bond between the host material and the optical fiber. Experimental investigations were carried out to test the suitability of five different DFOS types for crack monitoring. The DFOS were subsequently bonded to two 4 m long reinforced concrete (RC) beams, so that the influence of the application technique could be evaluated. DFOS measurements were verified by digital image correlation (DIC) and electrical strain gauges (SGs). For the different DFOS types, clear differences in the measured strain curves and determined crack widths were observed. The focus was on two robust DFOS, which can be deployed on construction sites. Compared to the layered sensing cable, a monolithic DFOS showed a clear strain distribution with pronounced strain peaks even for closely spaced cracks. The crack widths obtained by integrating the strain curves showed high agreement with DIC measurements.
The article describes measurements of strains of concrete, steel and textile reinforcement with distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). The technology of distributed strain measurements gains currently increasing attention within the civil engineering field and indeed the DFOS can be applied in various measurement scenarios providing results and insights which were not possible before. Within this article, the fibers and adhesives that are most commonly used are compared and several measurement scenarios and their results are described, including precise strain measurements with high resolution as well as measurements on large-scale specimens. Concrete strains were measured in a multiaxial compression stress state and also during setting and hardening and in flexural tests. Strains of the steel and textile reinforcement were monitored along the bond zone and also in flexural tests. Finally, cracking patterns were observed and compared with digital image correlation methods. Validated examples of applications of DFOS in laboratory work are described.
Im Jahr 2016 wurde die Lahntalbrücke bei Limburg durch einen Neubau ersetzt. Vor dem Rückbau des westlichen Überbaus konnten mehr als 250 Bohrkerne und weitere Probekörper für Untersuchungen aus dem Bestandsbauwerk entnommen werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Untersuchungen zur Druckfestigkeit und zur Spaltzugfestigkeit. Die Ergebnisse werden statistisch ausgewertet. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Zuordnungen der Stichprobe zu statistischen Gesamtheiten untersucht, um eine geeignete Unterteilung der Stichprobe zu identifizieren. Weiterhin werden aus den Versuchsergebnissen Bemessungswerte gemäß DIN EN 13791 und Eurocode 0 abgeleitet und mit den rechnerischen Erwartungswerten verglichen. Das Ziel der Untersuchungen besteht darin, Erkenntnisse für die Beurteilung der Festigkeitseigenschaften bestehender Talbrücken zu gewinnen und perspektivisch daraus eine sichere und wirtschaftliche Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln.
This article deals with the challenges of semi-integral construction of long viaducts. The main characteristic of semi-integral bridges is the monolithic connection of most parts of the substructure with the superstructure. This leads to complex load-bearing behavior, in which several structural components interact with each other. Because of the longitudinal movement of the superstructure, constraint forces and moments occur in the piers. They induce additional stresses in the structure compared to conventionally supported bridges. An important issue during the design process is the choice of the pier cross section. The stiffness and ductility of the piers influence the constraint moments and failure behavior of the pier. This is the reason why the detailed investigation into the influencing parameters (normal-force utilization, reinforcement ratio, and width-to-height ratio) described in this paper was carried out. In this investigation, the moment-curvature relationship was used and the failure behavior as well as the constraint moments in the structure were evaluated. K E Y W O R D Sload-bearing behavior, moment-curvature relationship, normal force, piers, reinforcement ratio, semi-integral bridges, stiffness decrease, width-to-height ratio
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) wird immer wichtiger für die Überwachung von Ingenieur‐ und Infrastrukturbauwerken, da sie kontinuierlich Informationen generieren und eine Zustandsbewertung in Echtzeit ermöglichen. Eine der wesentlichen Herausforderungen bei der Überwachung ist jedoch, dass die Veränderungen des Zustands aufgrund von Deterioration nur geringfügig sind. Zugleich beeinflussen Umwelteinflüsse wie die Temperatur, oder die Messsystemkomponenten selbst, das Messsignal. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie diese Einflüsse minimiert werden können. Um dies zu untersuchen, werden Laser‐Triangulationssensoren (LTS) getestet und die Messunsicherheit aufgrund von Temperatureinflüssen ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Messunsicherheit des Messsystems nur geringer als typische Zustandsänderungen an Bauwerken ist, solange eine Temperaturkompensation durchgeführt wird. Außerdem kann festgestellt werden, dass der Sensor – im Vergleich zu Kabel und Messverstärker – den größten Einfluss auf die Messunsicherheit des Messsystems hat und die Kabellänge bei LTS mit Stromausgang keinen Einfluss aufweist.
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