High clutter and low signal mean that existing retinal-imaging techniques are not well suited to measuring retinal metabolism. We describe spectral/lifetime phasor measurement of fluorescent biomarkers as a route to routine assessment of retinal health.

We report how illumination of the retina through the sclera enables the recording of high-contrast reflectance and fluorescence images of the retina, free of the cornea and lens glare and autofluoresence that degrades images recorded using traditional illumination through the pupil.