The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a rapid transition to telepsychiatry. This study examined the experience and attitudes of mental health care providers toward telehealth.Methods: At 18 centers across the United States, 819 mental health care providers completed an electronic survey about telepsychiatry use and satisfaction.Results: Overall, 73% of providers using videoconferencing and 66% using the telephone rated their experience as excellent or good. Flexible scheduling or rescheduling (77%) and timely start (69%) were frequently reported advantages for both modalities. Challenges were related to patients' inability to use conferencing devices (52%), lack of sense of closeness or connection (46%), and technical problems (39%). After the pandemic resolves, 64% of respondents would want to continue using telepsychiatry in at least 25% of their caseload. PS in Advanceps.psychiatryonline.org 3addressed if global implementation of telepsychiatry is to succeed. CONCLUSIONSMental health care providers generally had a positive attitude toward telehealth, and many stated that they would like to continue using it with a significant proportion of patients. Timely starts of therapy appointments and a reduction or elimination of no-shows were commonly reported advantages of telepsychiatry. Concerns about proper access to technology and training for both providers and patients need to be addressed.
Objective Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotics. Due to low incidence of NMS, research on risk factors of mortality associated with NMS is limited. Methods Two authors independently searched Medline/Embase/Cochrane/CINAHL/PsychINFO databases for case reports with author‐defined NMS published in English until 05/30/2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were independently extracted following PRISMA guidelines. NMS severity was rated using the Francis‐Yacoub scale. Mortality risk factors were identified using a multivariable regression analysis including all characteristics that were significantly different between NMS cases resulting vs. not resulting in death. Results 683 cases with NMS were analyzed (median age = 36 years, males = 62.1%). In a multivariable model, independent predictors of NMS mortality were lack of antipsychotic discontinuation (odds ratio (OR) = 4.39 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.14–8.99; p < 0.0001), respiratory problems (OR = 3.54 95%CI = 1.71–7.32; p = 0.0004), severity of hyperthermia (Unit‐OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.16–1.46; p < 0.0001), and older age (Unit‐OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.02–1.07; p = 0.0014). Even in univariate, patient‐level analyses, antipsychotic formulation was not related to death (oral antipsychotic (OAP): n = 39/554 (7.0%) vs. long‐acting injectable (LAI): n = 13/129 (10.1%); p = 0.2413). Similarly, death with NMS was not related to antipsychotic class (first‐generation antipsychotic: n = 38/433 (8.8%) vs. second‐generation antipsychotic: n = 8/180 (4.4%); p = 0.0638). Non‐antipsychotic co‐treatments were not associated with NMS mortality. Conclusion Despite reliance on case reports, these findings indicate that presence of respiratory alterations, severity of hyperthermia, and older age should alert clinicians to a higher NMS mortality risk, and that antipsychotics should be stopped to reduce mortality, yet when NMS arises on LAIs, mortality is not increased vs. OAPs.
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