<p>Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (SML) ISO 14001 merupakan standar yang diterapkan secara internasional untuk pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu perusahaan yang menerapkan ISO 14001 ini adalah PT Garuda Metalindo. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran Karyawan PT Garuda Metalindo terhadap penerapan SML ISO 14001:2004. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada 127 orang Karyawan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 2 orang dari level top manajemen, 4 orang dari level middle manajemen, dan 121 dari tingkat pelaksana. Kuisioner terdiri dari sepuluh (10) pertanyaan, untuk level top dan middle manajemen jawaban pertanyaan berdasarkan prioritas dan tingkat pelaksana memilih salah satu jawaban yang dianggap benar. Tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran level top dan middle manajemen berkisar antara 82,04% sampai 89%, dan untuk tingkat pelaksana sebesar 72%. Namun, masih diperlukan tindakan perbaikan terhadap penerapan SML ISO 14001:2004, khusunya untuk klausul 4.4.3 tentang Komunikasi yang belum diterapkan secara maksimal di Perusahaan ini.<br />Kata kunci: Pengelolaan lingkungan, Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan, Pengetahuan, Kesadaran lingkungan, ISO14001.</p>

Business concept in franchising has become one of the centers of attention that can provide breakthroughs in the diversity of the economic market in Indonesia. Franchising here can be a means to assist business development for business owners in Indonesia to become more and more competitive in a sustainable way. This exploratory research aims to shed light on emerging Intellectual Property Rights concerns in the developing country context of Indonesia related to franchising businesses. This research uses the normative juridical method, which looks positive norm written in the book. Seeing the success and progress of franchising made this thing 􀅫inally in great demand by entrepreneurs who then turned their business into a franchise for expansion. The results revealed that the key to the concept owned by this franchise business lies in its intellectual property rights; Intellectual Property Rights are special rights held directly by individuals or business entities against business systems that have a distinctive characteristic. Unique in its business, this is certainly done to attract market interest and then be able to market goods and/or services that have been proven successful so that success can be utilized and/or used by parties who also want to follow this kind of business model. The importance of this study is to see this development, which is growing faster and faster; of course, the legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights in this franchise agreement is important and needs to be protected. The study brings several theoretical and practical key insights for business lawmakers, scholars, government agencies, and entrepreneurs in Indonesia and the rest of the developing countries.

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This research aims to highlight the sensitive and critical issue of exposure to radiation by health workers in general and speci􀅫ically in Indonesia. The high use of radiation for medical personnel is the second largest contributor of radiation sources that we receive, which, in addition to providing bene􀅫its, can also cause harm to health workers. Therefore, radiology services must pay attention to radiation safety aspects according to Bapeten Regulation No. 8 of 2011 on the safety of using diagnostic radiological X-rays. The fact that the use of ionizing radiation source equipment is still mostly done by hospitals, whether it's due to the lack of education and the quality of human resources, the human error factor, or the sudden damage to the ionizing radiation device, is unknown. A comprehensive review technique was used to gather and content analyzes of the literature, and by applying the normative juridical method, results revealed a legal gap in the regulatory framework of health services that need to be improved through legislation. This review research suggests key policy and practice insights and future research directions.

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