In the present study an investigation has been carried out for spheroidization of 100Cr6 bearing steel used in forging industry. Three different spheroidization processes were considered. The first one was the annealing of normalized steel under Ac1 temperature for a long time. The second one was the annealing of normalized steel above Ar1 temperature after heating between Ac1 and Acm for one hour. The third one was the annealing of hardened steel under Ac1 temperature for a long time. For evaluation of cold workability with different spheroidization annealing periods, the yield strength and percentage of reduction in area in uniaxial tension were recorded. The present results indicate that low alloyed carbon bearing steels can be easily processed to achieve unique microstructures and properties.
The removal of nonmetallic inclusions from metal melts is a crucial step in producing high‐quality castings that have to meet strict requirements regarding strength, toughness, and machinability. To separate the unwanted impurities, the liquid metal is usually passed through ceramic foam filters (CFF), in which the inclusions adhere to the surface of a complex strut network. The development of improved CFF structures requires a good understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the filtration process. In this respect, an experimental investigation of the real system is challenging, due to the opacity of the melt, high temperature, and the presence of a protective atmosphere. Therefore, the present study relies on water model experiments, which are conducted for different pore counts and flow velocities. To achieve a high degree of similarity to the real system, the wetting properties of the filters and particles are adjusted accordingly. Experimentally evaluated filtration efficiencies are compared with predictions obtained from a detailed numerical model that considers the CFF geometry, which is digitized using 3D X‐Ray micro‐computed tomography, and previously measured particle adhesion forces. The results suggest that a considerable fraction of particles does not remain attached after collision with the CFF struts.
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