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Many Internet of Things platforms use dedicated software coupled with proprietary devices and interfaces, creating silo solutions with no interoperability. The Web of Things paradigm promotes using open Web standards to connect physical objects to the Internet through an application layer. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, indoor air quality monitoring sensor implementing a minimal servient building block recommended by the Web of Things Working Group of the World Wide Web Consortium. The proposed sensor runs a Web server on a low-power system-on-chip microcontroller, which provides temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide measurements to the Internet through a REST API. Any client on the Internet able to manage the HTTP protocol may access this sensor, making it compatible with any air quality monitoring platform that uses HTTP.

Platforms populating the Internet of Things (IoT) use dedicated software closely coupled with proprietary hardware, devices and interfaces, which creates silos and a lack of interoperability. The Web of Things (WoT) is a paradigm that incentives the use of web standards to interconnect all kinds of devices and defines an application layer for IoT applications. Multiple organizations and consortiums are pursuing the definition of architectures and standards to deliver interoperability to the IoT application layer. Air quality monitoring is a field in which IoT has a great role to play as it is based on different kinds of sensors and devices which monitor air pollution. Quite a few wireless sensor networks have been proposed in the literature to deal with this monitoring process. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, indoor air quality monitoring platform following the recommendations of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) about WoT. The platform is built based on a Web of Things capable of exposing its own Thing Description with 15 to more than 2000 resources, depending on the underlying hardware and the application protocol selected. These resources can serve requests providing measurements of the attached sensors, perform actions on the environment and/or generate events based on these measurements. Although the system is proposed for ambient monitoring, the software architecture developed in this work can be adapted to many embedded applications in the IoT.

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The major drawback of the industrial internet of things is the lack of interoperability across the plethora of IoT platforms. Cross-platform services often require the development of complex software components for protocol translation, device discovery, and thing lifecycle management. As a result, these systems are too expensive and hard to develop. The W3C Consortium launched the Web of Things Working Group to develop the standards for open interoperability in the internet of things. This chapter presents the web of things specifications for systems architecture and communication protocols and how they can be applied in industrial domains, building the industrial web of things. Finally, this chapter shows that this industrial web of things is built upon a network of systems and devices linked with universal open standards such as enterprise systems, which are nowadays communicated through the conventional “web of pages,” as a key player in the Industry 4.0 revolution.