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In this paper we describe the extended standoff approach defined by XStandoff (the successor of the Sekimo Generic Format, SGF), together with the accompanied collection of XSLT stylesheets. SGF has undergone further developments after its first presentation (cf. Stührenberg and Goecke, 2008) which resulted into the new development version called XStandoff containing different changes addressed in this paper. In addition, refinements have been made to the already available transformation scripts that help generating SGF and XStandoff instances and newly developed stylesheets have been added for the deletion of single XStandoff annotations and the conversion into inline representations.

The present paper deals with the visualization of concurrent markup. An initial discussion of the underlying model of XML instances demonstrates that valid XML exceeds the expressive power of trees. While some challenging features of concurrent markup, like overlaps, can be captured by minimally extended trees, there are other phenomena which can be adequately expressed in XML using constructs which instantiate advanced graph structures (e.g. discontinuous elements or repetitive structures). On the basis of two representation formats for concurrent markup, XStandoff and xLMNL, two distinct approaches towards its visualization are presented. The first method has been implemented in XSLT as an SVG-based 2D visualization strategy. Although it can be shown that this first approach provides an adequate (though not optimal) solution to overlapping structures, it is not capable of illustrating enhanced graph-based phenomena like the ones mentioned above. Therefore, some remarks about possible 3D visualizations are made which show how the adding of another dimension could contribute to the appropriately expressive visualization of concurrent markup. In addition, a prototypic implementation based on XSLT and X3D is discussed as first step towards a three-dimensional illustration.

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