This is the first direct clinical evidence suggesting that TNF-alpha may be a therapeutic target in RCC. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CCL2 may have predictive and prognostic significance.

New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors using imaging techniques have major limitations and important implications for radiological workload. This consensus statement from the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS) reviews the RECIST criteria and addresses several challenges regarding tumour measurement. Recommendations are made regarding tumour measurement and other issues are raised. The growing need to introduce a multimodality approach to monitoring response is recognized. ICIS welcomes a dialogue with the authors of RECIST to address issues raised in this review.

Bonded concrete overlays of asphalt (BCOA), previously known as ultra-thin whitetopping, have become increasingly common in Illinois in the past 15 years. No methods exist for assessing in situ properties under loading for this type of overlay. A procedure to backcalculate layer properties from falling weight deflectometer tests does exist for concrete slabs on grade with infinite dimensions, but this method is not applicable to finite-sized BCOA slabs with multiple layers and interfaces. Based on two-dimensional finite element modeling of BCOA pavements, a backcalculation procedure was derived for a range of expected slab sizes, effective concrete pavement thicknesses, joint load transfer efficiencies, and foundation layer stiffnesses. The backcalculated effective concrete thickness quantifies the load-carrying capacity of the BCOA pavement, variation of the structural capacity as a function of distance along the roadway, and potentially the condition of the concrete–asphalt bond interface and the underlying asphalt concrete layer. Application of the BCOA backcalculation procedure to falling weight deflectometer data collected from several projects in Illinois confirmed the reasonableness of the procedure through observed performance and estimated layer thicknesses from construction.