No abstract

ESR spectra of copper complexes have been interpreted by means of molecular orbital theory, and the ``covalent'' character of both σ and π bonds have been discussed for a variety of compounds. Overlap integrals have been considered in a consistent manner in treating σ bonds. Particular attention has been given to Cu phthalocyanine and several of its derivatives. The in-plane π bonding may be as important in determining the properties of a Cu complex as is the in-plane σ bonding.

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The Stokes–Einstein and Stokes–Einstein–Debye relations hold well in nonsupercooled liquids; however, sizeable deviations from the former appear in supercooled liquids, leading to a ‘‘decoupling’’ of translational diffusion from viscosity and reorientational relaxation. We attribute this breakdown and this ‘‘decoupling’’ to the existence of structured domains in the supercooled liquid.

A theory of ESR linewidths for substances in which the magnetic anisotropy is small and for which the orbital magnetism has been essentially quenched is developed. Nuclear quadrupole moments, zero field splittings, anisotropic Zeeman terms, and intramolecular electron-nuclear dipolar interactions, as well as motional and exchange effects are considered in the strong field case. The theory is developed in a manner that is particularly adaptable to the study of liquids but it is also applied to crystals since the resulting equations, though only applicable for small anisotropies, are particularly simple. The theory provides an extension of previous theories on ESR spectra in liquids. Several applications of the theory are discussed with particular emphasis on V4+ chelates. The theory of exchange in liquids, a phenomenon which is complicated by the noncommutivity of the motional and exchange Hamiltonians is considered in special detail. It is shown that this theory can be used to explain Hausser's results—the existence of an optimum viscosity for the observation of hyperfine structure.