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This article integrates the government in the context of company valuation. Our framework allows to analyse and to quantify the risk-sharing effects and conflicts of interest between the government and the shareholders when firms follow different financial policies. We provide novel evidence that firms with fixed future levels of debt might invest more than socially desirable. Economically, this happens if the gain in tax shields is big enough to outweigh the loss in the unlevered firm value. Our findings have implications for the practice of investment subsidy programmes provided by the government to avoid fostering investments beyond the socially optimal level.

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