Studies on belowground roots biomass have increasingly reported the importance of the contribution of this compartment in carbon stock maintenance in mangrove forests. To date, there are no estimates of this contribution in Brazilian mangrove forests, although the country has the second largest area of mangroves worldwide. For this study, trenches dug in fringing forests in Guaratiba State Biological Reserve (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were used to evaluate the contribution of the different classes of roots and the vertical stratification of carbon stock. The total carbon stock average in belowground roots biomass in these forests was 104.41 ± 20.73 tC.ha . From that, an average of 84.13 ± 21.34 tC.ha −1 corresponded to the carbon stock only in fine roots, which have diameters smaller than 5 mm and are responsible for over 80% of the total belowground biomass. Most of the belowground carbon stock is concentrated in the first 40 cm below the surface (about 70%). The root:shoot ratio in this study is 1.14. These estimates demonstrate that the belowground roots biomass significantly contributes, more than 50%, to the carbon stock in mangrove forests. And the mangrove root biomass can be greater than that of other Brazilian ecosystems.
Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis (Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.
A Covid-19 é uma doença causada pelo betacoronavírus SARS-CoV-2. O vírus é transmitido pelo contato interpessoal próximo, por meio de gotículas respiratórias. Dentre as medidas de prevenção contra contágio e disseminação da doença, é recomendado a higienização das mãos com água e sabão e/ou álcool em gel e o afastamento social, uso de máscaras de pano e a aferição da temperatura utilizando termômetro digital infravermelho para o controle de acesso nos ambientes públicos, a fim de impedir possíveis portadores sintomáticos do vírus. Temos por objetivo, refletir sobre a eficácia da aferição da temperatura em ambientes públicos utilizando termômetro digital com sensor de infravermelho. Baseado nos conhecimentos da fisiologia da temperatura corporal e processos febris, apresentados na literatura especializada, e na experiência da identificação de portadores utilizando o procedimento de aferição de temperatura descrito, é evidente a necessidade de uma elaboração de políticas públicas de combate à pandemia mais abrangente, que enfatize a necessidade do conjunto das medidas sanitárias. Aliado a isso, é necessário um programa de testagem contínuo e em massa, permitindo o mapeamento e a busca por auxílio e orientação médica especializada, bem como um programa de educação e conscientização da população para a necessidade de quarentena e isolamento social em casos suspeitos que apresentem sintomas de pirexia.
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