This essay aims to discuss the key benefits and problems involved in using online surveys (e-surveys) for the purpose of accessing the views of football fans that interact with one another via online discussion forums/message boards. Methodological strategies that were adopted and critical issues that arose regarding the dissemination of an e-survey within a specific online community for football fans are reflected upon. Suggestions for researchers adopting similar methodologies to access the views of football fans are provided and it is argued that an ethnographic approach needs to be adopted by researchers who aim to maximise the quality and quantity of e-survey responses. In particular, the importance of planning the researchers" entrée into the community under study -involving the establishment and maintenance of rapport with key gatekeepers -is considered essential for the success of future studies.

Academics have created typologies to divide association football (soccer) fans into categories based upon the assumed 'authenticity' of their fandom practices. One of the main requirements of 'authentic' fandom has been assumed to be match attendance. The goal of this paper was to critically assess this assumption through considering how fans themselves talk about the significance of match attendance as evidence of 'authentic' fandom. In light of the fact that the voices of English nonleague fans on the 'authenticity' debate have so far been overshadowed by the overbearing focus of much previous research on the upper echelons of English soccer, an e-survey was conducted with 151 members of an online community of fans of English Northern League (NL) clubs (a semi-professional / amateur league based in North East England). Findings revealed that opinion was divided on the constituents of 'authentic' fandom and match attendance was not deemed to be the core evidence of support for a club by 42% of the sample. Elias (1978) suggested that dichotomous thinking hinders sociological understanding and it is concluded that fan typologies are not sufficient for assessing the 'authenticity' of fan activities.