Aqueous chemical processing within cloud and fog water is thought to be a key process in the production and transformation of secondary organic aerosol mass, found abundantly and ubiquitously throughout the troposphere. Yet, significant uncertainty remains regarding the organic chemical reactions taking place within clouds and the conditions under which those reactions occur, owing to the wide variety of organic compounds and their evolution under highly variable conditions when cycled through clouds. Continuous observations from a fixed remote site like Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in New York State and other mountaintop sites have been used to unravel complex multi-phase interactions in the past, particularly the conversion of gas-phase emissions of SO2 to sulfuric acid within cloud droplets in the presence of sunlight. These scientific insights led to successful control strategies that reduced aerosol sulfate and cloud water acidity substantially over the following decades. This paper provides an overview of observations obtained during a pilot study that took place at WFM in August 2017 aimed at obtaining a better understanding of Chemical Processing of Organic compounds within Clouds (CPOC). During the CPOC pilot study, aerosol cloud activation efficiency, particle size distribution and chemical composition measurements were obtained below-cloud for comparison to routine observations at WFM including cloud water composition and reactive trace gases. Additional instruments deployed for the CPOC pilot study included a doppler LiDAR, sun photometer and radiosondes, to assist in evaluating the meteorological context for the below-cloud and summit observations.

Krisenmanagementsysteme werden sich nur dann flächendeckend durchsetzen können, wenn die Mensch-Computer-Interaktion im Krisenszenario reibungslos funktioniert. Die Berücksichtigung von Usability-Anforderungen sowohl bei der Planung und Entwicklung, als auch bei der Evaluation der Systeme ist daher von besonderer Bedeutung. Leider fehlen den verschiedenen Interessensvertretern verbindliche Standards und konkrete Hilfestellungen, wie Human Centered Design (HCD) in Hinblick auf Krisenmanagementsysteme anwendbar ist. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die geplante Entwicklung eines Leitfadens zur Auswahl und Durchführung von HCD-Methoden bei Krisenmanagementsystemen, insbesondere als abschließende Evaluation solcher Systeme

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