RESUMENEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia y la asociación entre rotavirus y la Escherichia coli fimbriada como agentes patógenos causantes de las infecciones entéricas en condiciones naturales en alpacas neonatas. La detección de rotavirus y de antígenos fimbriales se realizó mediante aglutinación con anticuerpos monoclonales embebidos en látex y la biotipificación se realizó mediante el sistema API 20E. En el 9.3% de las muestras de heces se detectó rotavirus. Se encontró 10 biotipos de E. coli, donde se detectó un 26% de antígeno F41 en alpacas neonatas con infección entérica en contraste con el 48% en los aislamientos de E. coli de alpacas clínicamente sanas. Rotavirus se encuentra en asociación con el 18.8% de los aislamientos de E. coli identificados como biotipos A y C. El 57.8% de aislamientos de E. coli de alpacas neonatas con infección entérica que contienen antígeno fimbrial F41 se encuentran en conjunto con la presencia de rotavirus. Por lo tanto, la asociación entre rotavirus, el biotipo de E. coli y el antígeno fimbrial F41 podría ser la causa de diarrea en el 18.8% del 30-40% de la población de alpacas afectadas. Palabras clave : E. coli, rotavirus, diarrea, alpaca ABSTRACTThe objective of the present research was to determine the presence and the association between rotavirus, biotype E. coli and fimbriated E. coli in the enteric infections of neonatal alpacas under natural conditions. The detection of rotavirus was carried out by agglutination with monoclonal antibodies, the biotyping of E. coli by API 20E system and the detection of fimbrial antigens by agglutination using monoclonal antibodies. In 15 out of 160 (9.4%) of fecal samples from neonatal alpacas with enteric infection was detected rotavirus. Ten biotypes of E. coli was found and 26% of the E. coli isolates from alpaca neonates with enteric infection had the F41 antigen in contrast with 48% from clinically healthy neonatal alpacas. Rotavirus was found in association
RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de la torta de sacha inchi (TSI) en diferentes niveles de la ración de pollos sobre el perfil bioquímico sanguíneo, consumo de alimento (CAL), conversión alimenticia (CA) y ganancia de peso (GP), peso relativo de órganos e histología del hígado. Para esto se utilizaron 150 pollos (75 hembras y 75 machos) de 2 días de edad, de la línea Cobb 500, los cuales fueron divididos en 3 grupos o tratamientos (T1, T2 y T3). El T1 fue alimentado con 0%, el T2 con 7% y el T3 con 14% de TSI. Las muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas a los 2, 12, 21 y 48 días de edad; el diseño estadístico usado fue el DCA con arreglo factorial 3x3+1. Los perfiles bioquímicos sanguíneos bajo efecto de la TSI fueron: 27.38±0.38, 30.00±0.38 y 29.56±0.45 de hematocrito (%); 2.86±0.10, 104.51±2.44, 92.74±1.96 y 92.53±2.29 de AST (UI/L); 30.81±3.32, 17.82±0.66 y 20.95±0.62 de ALT (UI/L) para T1, T2 y T3 respectivamente. Los niveles de TSI en la dieta no mostraron efecto (p>0.05) sobre los perfiles de hemoglobina, albúmina, proteína sérica, mientras que en los niveles de hematocrito, AST y ALT si tuvo efecto (p<0.05); pero los resultados mencionados se encontraron dentro de sus parámetros normales. En cuanto a CAL, CA y GP los niveles de TSI mostraron efecto adverso (p<0.05). La TSI tuvo efecto hepatotóxico, mas no así sobre el peso relativo de los órganos estudiados (p<0.05).PALABRAS CLAVE: Sacha inchi, Plukenetia volúbilis L, perfil bioquímico sanguíneo. DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF SACHA INCHI (Plukenetia volúbilis L.) CAKE FEEDING ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BROILERS ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of sacha inchi cake (SIC) in different levels of the diet of broiler chickens on the serum biochemical profile, feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), weight gain (WG), internal organs relative weight and liver histology. For this purpose, we used 150 Cobb-500 2-day-old broilers chicken (75 males and 75 females) which were divided in 3 treatments (T1, T2 and T3). T1 was fed 0%, T2, 7% and T3, 14% of SIC. Blood was sampled from yugular vein at 2 days old and wing vein at 12, 21 and 48 days old; a complete randomized design with a factorial 3x3+1 was used. The serum biochemical profiles under the PCSIC effect were: 27.38±0.38, 30.00±0.38 y 29.56±0.45 for hematocrit; 104.51±2.44, 92.74±1.96 y 92.53±2.29 for AST; 30.81±3.32, 17.82±0.66 and 20.95±0.62 for ALT for T1, T2 y T3 respectively. Levels of SIC did not show effect (p>0.05) on hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, meanwhile, while these showed effect (p<0.05) on hematocrit, AST and ALT, but these results were between normal levels. SIC had negative effect on FI, FC and WG in T2 and T3 (p>0.05) but did not had influence on the studied relative weight of internal organs (p>0.05). Liver tissue showed polynunleated hepatocytes in T2 and T3. In conclusion, SIC changed the hematocrit, AST and ALT levels and had hepatotoxic effect in liver tissue, feed intake, feed conversion and weight gain of broiler chicken when ...
Eggs are sources of high nutritious value; however, their intake is associated with hypercholesterolemia in consumers. Stevia rebaudiana, among other properties, has a hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect in humans, rats and broilers chicken. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of the inclusion of 0, 1, 2 and 3% of Stevia rebaudiana leaves powder in the diet on the lipid profile and productive parameters of Isa Brown hens. One hundred, 17-24 week old, Isa Brown laying hens were used and distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions. The increase in the levels of powder from Stevia leaves decreased the cholesterol profile (p < 0.05), without changing other profiles and the productive parameters (p > 0.05). Additionally, the triglyceride profile and weight gain showed quadratic and negative linear tendencies, respectively associated with the increase of powder from Stevia leaves in the diet. It is concluded that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, final weight and total weight gain of Isa Brown laying hens has a tendency to decrease when the levels of powder from Stevia leaves is increased in the diet.
At inadequate stocking density, fish generally show different physiological responses. The effects of stocking density on Arapaima gigas larvae productive parameters have been determined in a previous study. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stocking density on the water quality, hematological and biochemical profile, and productive performance of juvenile A. gigas. One hundred and eighty twelve months old, A. gigas were distributed into tanks using initial densities of 103.90, 157.95 and 220.11 kg m-3 with three replicates. Ammoniacal nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen pH, alkalinity, and hardness were determined using a LaMotte Fish Farm 9, AQ-2 model, Maryland, USA, freshwater test kit. Blood samples were taken at 13, 14, and 15 months old by pricking the caudal vein and profiles of glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and urea, were determined in blood serum. Rearing water was saturated in ammoniac nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and dissolved oxygen but have not changed with the increase of stocking density (P < 0.05), Erythrocyte's count (EC) diminished (P < 0.05), nonetheless, hemoglobin, mean concentration hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) increased (P < 0.05). Albumin, AST, ALT and urea diminished at 220.11 kg m-3 stocking density (P < 0.05). The feed intake increased, final biomass gain was 100.26 ± 19.00, 119.10 ± 13.95, and 130.24 ± 08.07 kg m-3, but did not change as density increased (P < 0.05). Juveniles of A. gigas showed no variation in productive performance with an increase in the stocking density. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical adapting profile to high stocking densities characterized this species.
Se evaluó el efecto de tres densidades de cultivo de alevinos de Arapaima gigas en condiciones de laboratorio, sobre los valores hematológicos, perfil bioquímico sanguíneo y parámetros biométricos. Ciento sesenta y ocho alevinos de paiche con peso y talla inicial de 75.06 ± 10 g y 22.69 ± 1.2 cm, respectivamente, fueron distribuidos al azar en 3 tratamientos (T1 = 7, T2 = 14, y T3 = 21 alevinos/56L-1) por cuadruplicado. Los peces fueron alimentados con una dieta extruida (50% PB), empleando una tasa de alimentación equivalente al 3% de su biomasa corporal. Los parámetros biométricos se registraron cada 10 días, mientras que la toma de muestras para evaluar los parámetros sanguíneos en los días 0, 33 y 63 del experimento. Los valores de hematocrito, hemoglobina, glucosa, triglicéridos, aspartato aminotransferasa, así como el consumo diario de alimento, ganancia de peso e incremento de talla, no mostraron diferencias entre tratamientos (P>0.05). Las concentraciones de proteína, albúmina, colesterol, alanina aminotransferasa y los parámetros biométricos de conversión alimenticia aparente y factor de condición, mostraron diferencia entre tratamientos (P<0.05). Los valores de hematocrito y hemoglobina, así como las concentraciones de glucosa, proteína, colesterol, triglicéridos y alanina aminotransferasa, presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) con respecto a la edad. Se concluye que las densidades de cultivo evaluadas no causaron efecto en los parámetros biométricos y sobre los valores hematológicos, con excepción de la conversión alimenticia y el factor de condición, en tanto que las concentraciones del perfil bioquímico sanguíneo se ven afectadas parcialmente.
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