The 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, held in Rio de Janeiro, reignited public interest and discussion around Paralympic athletes attempting to qualify for, and compete at, the Olympic Games. That Paralympians have sought to compete at the Olympic Games is, however, not new. This paper looks at the largely unrecognised and often underreported history of Paralympians competing at the Olympic Games and addresses why it is that Paralympians may wish to compete at the Olympic Games. To do this we use historical examples, but also look at the contemporary cases of 3 such athletes: Jason Smyth, Alan Fonteles Cardoso and Markus Rehm. The paper also explores whether or not with advances in medical and prosthetic technologies, as well as potentially increased income and funding, we can expect to see more Paralympians attempting to crossover and compete in the Olympic Games in the future. The methodology used is one of qualitative case studies. The research question was: "What can be learned from the media coverage of Smyth, Oliveira and Rehm’s attempts to qualify for the Olympic Games?” We identify the type of editorial (political, social, cultural, sportive, educational, economic or gossip column); whether or not pictures were used (type of approach - sportive, personal or disability) and the narrative interpretations. We argue that how newspapers choose to report on the aims of Paralympians wishing to compete in the Olympics and the level of coverage that they receive it important. This level of depth of coverage suggests both positive and negative implications for the Paralympic Games, should this trend of athletes wishing to crossover continue.

All sports have their roots and connection in some way to the Olympic spirit, and therefore fall within the vision and mission of the Olympic Committee, which has a central aim of “building a better world”. This is a fundamental value of the Olympics and sustainability is a “working principle” of this. This research analyses the performance of professional European football teams that are publicly listed on stock markets, analysing their income statements and factoring in how the value-added perspective is impacting professional sport. The methodology we use considers the sustainable contribution of the distribution of added value. The Value-Added Statement is considered as a part of broader Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which can be traced back as a concept to the late 1970s. It is still in widespread use and is regarded as being both a credible and a tested measure. In this paper, the authors apply a slightly modified and simplified version of this value-added approach to all publicly listed European football clubs and use these as a proxy for wider professional sport. This research demonstrates that, although most professional sports clubs are profit-oriented, the distribution of wealth generated by the added value is unbalanced. In most cases, at least in financial terms, the data shows shareholders are the most disadvantaged, whereas athletes are the most rewarded.

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Purpose -This research aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of medical tourists' segments and the variations that exist within them as tourists and patients.Design/Methodology/Approach -A data-driven segmentation approach using the two-step cluster analysis technique was applied on a sample of 212 participants visiting Lebanon for medical purposes. The research instruments combine travel motivation variables, along with socio-demographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics.Findings and implications -The results identified two distinct segments: "the international patients" and "the elective medical tourists." The delineated segments have significant implications for scholars, allowing them to understand the profile of tourists and their associated motivations and behaviors better. They can guide medical tourism service providers, marketers, and destination managers in providing specific medical tourism products and services that meet the expectations of each segment.Limitations -Limitations were experienced during the data collection process due to a lack of collaboration Sažetak Svrha -Cilj istraživanja jest omogućiti dubinsko razumijevanje segmenata medicinskih turista i varijacija koje postoje unutar njih kao turista i pacijenata.Metodološki pristup -Primijenjen je pristup segmentaciji na temelju podataka korištenjem tehnike klasterske analize u dva koraka. Istraživački instrument kombinira varijable motivacija za putovanje zajedno sa sociodemografskim, zemljopisnim i bihevioralnim obilježjima. Primijenjen je na uzorku od 212 ispitanika koji su posjetili Libanon u medicinske svrhe.Rezultati i implikacije -Rezultati su identificirali dva različita segmenta, a to su "međunarodni pacijenti" i "medicinski turisti po izboru". Opisani segmenti imaju značajne implikacije za znanstvenike omogućujući im razumijevanje profila turista i s njima povezane motivacije i ponašanja. Oni mogu usmjeravati pružatelje usluga medicinskog turizma, marketinške stručnjake i upravitelje destinacijom u pružanju specifičnih proizvoda i usluga medicinskog turizma koji ispunjavaju očekivanja svakog segmenta.Ograničenja -Tijekom prikupljanja podataka došlo je do ograničenja zbog nedostatka suradnje i promptnih