In a context of rising awareness for environmental concerns and promotion policies targeting nonmotorized travel as a sustainable mobility solution, the bicycle has increasingly become an attractive transport mode in cities. However, accessibility to opportunities for people who cycle is not necessarily the same across socioeconomically different population segments, and it tends to be further constrained by high costs associated with the travel distance through the road network.This research examines equality in the accessibility to employment and education among cycleuser adults in Bogotá. Using 968 reported bicycle trips with these travel purposes in the 2015 Bogotá Household Travel Survey, we estimate a potential accessibility indicator and horizontal and vertical equality indicators. First, we identify three clusters through the K-prototypes method to classify bicycle commuters based on trip and socioeconomic characteristics, and second, we calculate potential accessibility using GIS-based trip distance decay functions, which is later assessed through equality indices such as Lorenz Curves, Gini index and Palma Ratio. Results show marked differences in potential accessibility to work and study opportunities between and within clusters, where up to 90% of the analyzed population of a cyclists' cluster has access to 30% of the job and study opportunities, indicating social and spatial inequalities produced by the urban structure and individual and household characteristics of regular cyclists. Results can guide in the implementation of accurate transport policies towards more equitable and sustainable transport in cities that are experiencing increases in bicycle ridership.
Importance-performance analysis (IPA) is a common and accepted method used by service industries to improve their service and therefore increase customer satisfaction. In public transportation, it has been adopted to assess the attributes of transit system. To analyze the practical implementation of IPA in transit user satisfaction studies, an extensive literature review was carried out to identify challenges. Unlike the “performance” dimension, measuring “importance” is challenging, given the wide variety of approaches and specific methods. For practical application, choosing a specific method in a specific approach has diverse implications. Real-world transit user satisfaction surveys of three different bus transit (sub) systems in Bogotá were used to try, test, and compare results, methods, applications, and—from a practical perspective—to identify the pitfalls, risks, difficulties, advantages, and biases of using different techniques to measure importance in relation to public transportation services. At the end of the paper, the advantages and shortcomings of different importance measurement methods are synthesized, and easy-to-implement suggestions for practitioners are provided.
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