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Laryngeal masks are supraglottic airway devices developed in the early 1980s. Today, they are frequently used in clinical routine to provide airway access for mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing surgery with a short duration. Moreover, the they have also become integral part of difficult airway management in patients who cannot be intubated by the use of conventional laryngoscopy.Relevant advances have been made to simplify their positioning and improve tightness with the aim to allow for the use of higher airway pressures during mechanical ventilation thereby reducing the risk of gastric insufflation and pulmonary aspiration. Focusing on this goal, several different prototypes have been developed and introduced in clinical practice until today. However, even these new developed laryngeal masks still do not provide reliable protection against pulmonary aspiration until today. Consequently, their use In critical care medicine is still limited to rescue situations with intubation failure.In this review some of the most popular lanryngeal masks are presented, indications for their use are outlined and their handling is described.

Die Notfallkoniotomie ist eine seltene lebensrettende Intervention, um bei Patienten, die weder intubiert noch beatmet werden können, schnell Zugang zu den Atemwegen zu erhalten. In Anbetracht der möglichen Komplikationen hängt der Erfolg von der Erfahrung des Notfallmediziners ab. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Auswahl handelsüblicher Koniotomie-Sets vorgestellt und Indikationen für deren Anwendung werden skizziert.