This paper presents a review of the electrical heating method for heavy oil recovery based on past, current, and future prospects of electrical heating. Heavy oil is one of the potential crude oil used as a link to reduce the crisis of light oil used today. The obstacle of heavy oil is a high viscosity and density in which thermal injection is a method for heavy oil recovery, but it results in economic and environmental issues. Electrical heating is one of the thermal methods by transferring heat into the reservoir. The basic process of electrical heating is to increase the mobility of the oil. Because the temperature rises, it can reduce oil viscosity and makes it easier for heavy oil to flow. The past and current developments have been carried out to fill up the gap of electrical heating projects. The future prospects must meet energy efficiency, and the excessive heat will damage formation that must be tackled in the future prospect. the works adopt several electrical heating projects and applications in the world where the works give a brief future prospect of electrical heating.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis therapy. This is related to calcification in large blood vessels such as the aorta. Although some known coronary risk factors, such as age, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking, play an important role in cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis, but several other risk factorsy such as anemia, uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and disorders of mineral and bone metabolism also associated with CKD.Method: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study with subjects were from CKD patients who underwent regular hemodialysis (for at least 3 months) in hemodialysis unit of RSKG Rasyida Medan from May 2018 and aged > 18 years. Interviews were conducted regarding age, duration of hemodialysis. Laboratory examination of calcium, phosphate and fetuin-A levels and lateral abdominal X-ray examination were conducted, then a statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship of these factors with blood vessel calcification in regular hemodialysis patients.Results: Of 113 subjects, duration of hemodialysis in no calcifications group was 52.09 ± 21.725, while mild grade calcification underwent HD for 51.81 ± 29.115, and severe calcification group underwent HD for 69.06 ± 36.030. A total of 10 patients without calcification had a history of DM, which were total 14 patients with calcification (mild and severe group) had history of DM. The mean serum calcium level in the group without calcification was 9,467 ± 0,843 mg / dl, 9,638 ± 0,708 mg / dl in mild group, while the average calcium level was 5,412 ± 0,645 mg / dl in severe group.Conclusion: Duration of hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus, calcium levels and fetuin-A significantly influence the occurrence of calcification in the abdominal blood vessels. (p = 0.004, p = 0.049, p = 0.005 and p = 0.004)

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