Introducción. La evaluación y selección de nuevas especies forrajeras con atributos apropiados de producción y calidad es una estrategia segura y eficaz para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción de leche en Colombia. Objetivo. Describir el proceso de desarrollo y las principales características de Altoandina, nueva variedad de avena forrajera. Materiales y métodos. Durante el segundo semestre de 2016 se realizó una prueba de evaluación agronómica (PEA) en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano de Nariño, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con dos genotipos de avena forrajera AV25-S y AV25-T y tres variedades (Avenar, Cajicá, Cayuse). Resultados. AV25-S y AV25-T presentaron: tolerancia al volcamiento, a diferencia de los tres testigos que mostraron un volcamiento superior al 30 %; resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde de 64,6 y 65,3 t ha-1, respectivamente, superior al obtenido en Avenar (55,5), en Cajicá (43,7) y en Cayuse (59,1). Conclusión. AV25-T por su tolerancia a volcamiento, resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde superior a las variedades comerciales, fue inscrita en el sistema nacional de cultivares como nueva variedad forrajera denominada Altoandina, con recomendación para la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y Altiplano de Nariño.

Inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and the application of phosphorus (P) sources can improve soil P availability, enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural systems. The implementation of this technology in perennial grasses, such as Kikuyu grass, for cattle feed in soils with high P retention, such as Andisols, has been little explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive response of Kikuyu grass and soil P dynamics to BSF inoculation with different P sources. The experiment was conducted on a Kikuyu pasture, which was evaluated for 18 months (September 2020 to March 2022). Three P fertilizers with different solubility levels were applied: diammonium phosphate (DAP) (high-solubility), rock phosphate (RP), and compost (OM) (low-solubility). Moreover, the inoculation of a PSB consortium (Azospirillum brasilense D7, Rhizobium leguminosarum T88 and Herbaspirillum sp. AP21) was tested. Inoculation with PSB and fertilization with rock phosphate (RP) increased soil labile P and acid phosphomonoesterase activity. Increased grass yield and quality were related with higher soil inorganic P (Pi) availability. This study validated, under field conditions, the benefits of PSB inoculation for soil P availability and Kikuyu grass productivity.

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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have multiple applications in plant breeding of small grains. They are used for the selection of divergent parents, the identification of genetic variants and marker-assisted selection. However, the use of SNPs in varietal purity assessment is under-reported, especially for multi-line varieties from the public sector. In the case of variety evaluation, these genetic markers are tools for maintaining varietal distinctness, uniformity and stability needed for cultivar release of multi-line or pure-line varieties of inbred crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the purity and relationships of one original (AV-25) and two multi-line sub-populations (AV25-T and AV25-S) of the inbreeding species, oats (Avena sativa L.). Both sub-populations could be useful as forages in the central highland region of Colombia (>2000 masl), such as in the departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca, even though they were derived from an original composite mixture widely used in the mountainsides of the southern department of Nariño named Avena 25. Representative single plant selections (SPS) from the two sub-populations were grown together with SPS harvests from off-type plants (early and late) and plants from the original AV25 composite mixture, to determine their genetic similarity. Plants were genotyped by DNA extraction of a plateful of 96 individual plant samples and SNPs were detected for an Illumina Infinium 6K Chip assay. The data were used for the analysis of genetic structure and population relationships. The grouping observed based on the genetic data indicated that AV25-T and AV25-S were homogeneous populations and somewhat divergent in their genetic profile compared to the original AV25-C mix. In addition, to the two commercial, certified oat varieties (Cajicá and Cayuse) were different from these. The early and late selections were probable contaminants and could be discarded. We concluded that the use of SNP markers is an appropriate tool for ensuring genetic purity of oat varieties.

La productividad de los bovinos en el trópico está determinada por la cantidad y calidad de nutrientes aportados por las especies forrajeras existentes en las praderas; sin embargo, la mayor parte de estas especies presenta una baja eficiencia productiva, con evidentes signos de degradación del suelo, generalmente relacionada con el manejo inapropiado de prácticas culturales, tanto en la fase de establecimiento, como en la fase productiva, presentando lo que genera impactos negativos sobre la eficiencia biológica y económica de las empresas ganaderas.