In a retrospective analysis of almost 2000 patients, we found 60% to have SPSS; prevalence increases with deterioration of liver function. SPSS increase risk for HE and with a chronic course. In patients with preserved liver function, SPSS increase risk for complications and death. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02692430.

5mm 5 mm Highlights Total cross-sectional SPSS area (TSA) predicts survival in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. The cutoff for TSA that is associated with worse survival corresponds to a single shunt of >10 mm diameter. This study may impact on the clinical use of TSA/SPSS for risk stratification and decision-making in the management of patients with cirrhosis.

Real-time CMR-guided LV lead placement is feasible and achievable in a single clinical setting and may prove helpful to preferentially select sites for LV lead placement.