Background This article presents a qualitative study, conducted in Chile and Colombia, on mental health care access and experiences with psychotherapy from the perspectives of economically disadvantaged clients. Current epidemiological data show it is important to conduct psychological interventions to address depression in poor populations, given the high prevalence of this disorder in these groups. However, despite efforts made in both countries at the health care policy level, the impact of the available psychological care has been weaker than expected. Aims Based on this observation, this study sought to collect more information for understanding this problem by incorporating patients’ views. Materials & Methods To shed light on this issue, 24 participants from Chile and Colombia were interviewed with respect to their opinions on access to psychotherapeutic care and their experience with it. Semi‐structured interviews conducted were analysed using Grounded Theory procedures. Results The facilitating and impeding factors that low‐income people have regarding access to psychotherapy, in an institutional context, and specific challenges involving changes in their understanding of their problems and their own role in recovery are presented. These changes involve distancing themselves from their original culturally‐shaped understanding of psychological disorders. Discussion The influence of psychotherapy as a force capable of shaping culturally determined meanings in clients from economically disadvantaged areas is problematised. Conclusion The results of this research may encourage clinicians to see the client's uniqueness within a certain social order and a social network as different from that of the therapist.
Objetivo. Comprender las dinámicas mediante las cuales los pacientes significan su experiencia de la depresión. Metodología. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, basada en la Teoría Fundamentada. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 pacientes diagnosticados de un trastorno del ánimo con episodio depresivo, por el que habían estado en tratamiento psicoterapéutico previamente. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas desde un enfoque descriptivo-relacional, para reconocer las principales unidades temáticas referidas por los participantes y luego identificar sus relaciones y significados subyacentes. Resultados. El significado de la experiencia de la depresión se reveló como un proceso denominado “Construcción subjetiva de la experiencia de la depresión”, caracterizado por tres momentos. (1) “La experiencia de un malestar sin nombre”; (2) “Anclaje de la experiencia del paciente en la palabra depresión”; (3) “Apropiación de la experiencia de la depresión”. Conclusión. la experiencia de la depresión se presenta como un proceso dinámico de interacción entre el malestar subjetivo y la construcción de significados asociados a él; transitando de una experiencia desconcertante observada en el cuerpo, el ánimo y/o lo conductual, hacia una experiencia elaborable discursivamente, a través de una referencia semántica (depresión) que integra los significados y origina un proceso de apropiación de lo que implica para cada individuo tener depresión o estar deprimido.
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