No abstract

Indonesia is currently the second largest geothermal installed capacity in the world, with around 1948,5 MW installed capacity. However, this achievement is still far from the Indonesian Government’s target of 7000 MW installed capacity in 2025. Thus, it requires a lot of efforts, supporting policies, and a great deal of competent human resources to achieve this ambitious target. Fulfilling the need for qualified geothermal human resources will take a significant amount of time if it only relies on higher education graduates. Hence, vocational education institutions especially training centers are expected to contribute more to meet these needs. The government has issued a regulation on the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) which covers aspects of knowledge, skills and work attitudes relevant to the implementation of assigned duties and terms including SKKNI of onshore drilling which is used as a reference for oil and gas and geothermal drilling. However, previous studies have identified the differences between geothermal drilling and oil and gas drilling. This might be due to the government still considers that those two are similar, so they only issued one competency standard for both fields. This paper discusses the implementation of SKKNI on onshore drilling competency standard to produce geothermal drilling curricula. The first part of this paper will map the current conditions of Indonesia’s geothermal drilling human resources development including the estimated number of human resources needed. Furthermore, this study highlights the fundamental differences between the hydrocarbon and geothermal drilling to provide a better understanding of the competency needs of labor in the geothermal industry. Several research or publications and overseas competency standards are discussed and compared to decide which material needs to be included in the curriculum. Several alternative approaches related to human resource capacity development are also proposed in this paper to support the Indonesian Government’s target in 2025.

The global increase of carbon emissions needs to be reduced to keep incremental global warming below 2 degrees. However, in the last decades, Indonesia’s energy supply and demand have been highly dependent on fossil fuels, contributing to high carbon emissions. Most of the non-renewable energy demand comes from transportation and electrification. While in drilling activity, diesel engines produce carbon emissions for mobilization, drilling operation, and site electrification. Carbon emissions reduction is part of the policy of several giant energy companies to achieve net-zero emissions to support environmental sustainability, echoed by Paris Agreement 2015. This preliminary study aims to comprehensively evaluate the activities that generate carbon emissions in geothermal drilling projects. With the case study, the authors offer a numerical approach of emissions calculation that covers from the planning phase until post-operation calculation, including logistics and equipment used in the drilling project. As a result, the authors provide an integrated analysis regarding efficiency options for geothermal drilling operations. This study also proposes a simple economic analysis to achieve lower carbon emissions. From an operational perspective, emissions reduction could be achieved by making resources movement and transportation more efficient, thus directly reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Furthermore, biodiesel and renewable energy to substitute diesel will lower emissions and energy consumption for regular generators and transportation. Moreover, several operational efficiency options that can help reduce carbon emissions are discussed in this research. Then, the digitalization era also plays an important role in increasing efficiency for lowering carbon footprint. Briefly, this research is considered useful for the industry that seeks to deliver an integrated effort to reduce carbon emissions during a geothermal drilling operation. It will serve as a reference to increase awareness in mitigating emissions in geothermal drilling projects to achieve lower carbon drilling operations.

Indonesia memiliki banyak ladang minyak tua dengan komposisi air terproduksi yang tinggi, dimana air terproduksi ini masih dapat dipergunakan untuk kegunaan lain. Salah satu kegunaan dari air terproduksi dengan temperature cukup tinggi ini adalah untuk pembangkit listrik dengan Siklus Rankine Organik (Organic Rankine Cycle / ORC). Gagasan untuk penggunaan sumur ladang minyak tua untuk pembangkit listrik panas bumi telah lama dipelajari dan didiskusikan di seluruh penjuru dunia untuk mengurangi biaya operasi dari produksi minyak dan gas and untuk memperpankang usia dari ladang minyak yang mulai mendekati akhir masa produksi. Meskipun umumnya reservoir minyak dan gas tidak sepanas reservoir panas bumi konvensional, tetapi beberapa studi menyimpulkan bahwa pada beberapa sumur tua di Texas dan Wyoming memiliki kedalaman yang cukup dengan suhu mencapai 121°C, dan bahkan beberapa sumur dapat mencapai 210°C. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pnggunaan lapangan minyak dan gas tua untuk pembangkit panas bumi telah ada contoh sukses di Amerika Serikat dan China. Indonesia memiliki banyak lapangan minyak dan gas yang dapat digunakan untuk fasilitas penggunaan panas bumi. Meskipun begitu, dengan kondisi saat ini dan status teknologi yang masih belum matang dan teruji secara komersil, masih ada beberapa tantangan teknis yang harus dipertimbangkan atau dipelajari lebih lanjut.

The island of Flores has a lot of geothermal potentials, so it is often called the geothermal island. However, there have been many rejections on the island of Flores, one of which is in the Mataloko Geothermal Working Area (WKP). This can be problematic if future geothermal development is about to take place in Mataloko. One alternative that has been widely discussed to increase public acceptance is by developing a geothermal direct use facility that can give benefit to the local communities while at the same time give education regarding the geothermal resource and utilisation to them. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential geothermal direct use in Mataloko that can fulfil those objectives. The literature study was conducted, combined with the site visit to verify the desktop study result. Several alternatives for geothermal direct use in Mataloko have been identified based on the geothermal resource, availability of commodities, and the current condition of local communities and industries in the proximity of Mataloko Power Plant. This study is admittedly still in the preliminary stage and a more detailed feasibility study for each of the alternatives is required in the future.