Optical frequency combs have the potential to revolutionize terabit communications1. Generation of Kerr combs in nonlinear microresonators2 represents a particularly promising option3 enabling line spacings of tens of GHz. However, such combs may exhibit strong phase noise4-6, which has made high-speed data transmission impossible up to now. Here we demonstrate that systematic adjustment of pump conditions for low phase noise4,7-9 enables coherent data transmission with advanced modulation formats that pose stringent requirements on the spectral purity of the comb. In a first experiment, we encode a data stream of 392 Gbit/s on a Kerr comb using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). A second experiment demonstrates feedback-stabilization of the comb and transmission of a 1.44 Tbit/s data stream over up to 300 km. The results show that Kerr combs meet the highly demanding requirements of coherent communications and thus offer an attractive solution towards chip-scale terabit/s transceivers.

Rationale: Recessive mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) cause lethal neonatal respiratory failure and childhood interstitial lung disease. Most ABCA3 mutations are private.Objectives: To determine genotype-phenotype correlations for recessive ABCA3 mutations.Methods: We reviewed all published and unpublished ABCA3 sequence and phenotype data from our prospective genetic studies of symptomatic infants and children at Washington and Johns Hopkins Universities. Mutations were classified based on their predicted disruption of protein function: frameshift and nonsense mutations were classified as "null," whereas missense, predicted splice site mutations, and insertion/deletions were classified as "other." We compared age of presentation and outcomes for the three genotypes: null/null, null/other, and other/other. Measurements and Main Results:We identified 185 infants and children with homozygous or compound heterozygous ABCA3 mutations and lung disease. All of the null/null infants presented with respiratory failure at birth compared with 75% of infants with null/ other or other/other genotypes (P = 0.00011). By 1 year of age, all of the null/null infants had died or undergone lung transplantation compared with 62% of the null/other and other/other children (P , 0.0001).Conclusions: Genotype-phenotype correlations exist for homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ABCA3. Frameshift or nonsense ABCA3 mutations are predictive of neonatal presentation and poor outcome, whereas missense, splice site, and insertion/deletions are less reliably associated with age of presentation and prognosis. Counseling and clinical decision making should acknowledge these correlations.

The electronic structure of epitaxial single-layer MoS2 on Au(111) is investigated by angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, and first principles calculations. While the band dispersion of the supported single-layer is close to a free-standing layer in the vicinity of the valence band maximum atK and the calculated electronic band gap on Au (111) is similar to that calculated for the free-standing layer, significant modifications to the band structure are observed at other points of the two-dimensional Brillouin zone: AtΓ, the valence band maximum has a significantly higher binding energy than in the free MoS2 layer and the expected spin-degeneracy of the uppermost valence band at theM point cannot be observed. These band structure changes are reproduced by the calculations and can be explained by the detailed interaction of the out-of-plane MoS2 orbitals with the substrate.

Rare germline variants are difficult to identify using traditional sequencing due to relatively high cost and low throughput. Using second-generation sequencing, we report a targeted, cost-effective method to quantify rare SNPs from pooled genomic DNA. We pooled DNA from 1,111 individuals and targeted four genes. Our novel base-calling algorithm, SNPSeeker, derived from Large Deviation theory, can detect SNPs present at frequencies below the raw error rate of the sequencing platform

We have studied the structural and electronic properties of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) molecules on different noble-metal surfaces using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and density functional theory. Striking differences are observed in the TCNE behavior on Au, Ag, and Cu substrates in the submonolayer limit. We explain our findings by a combination of charge-transfer and lattice-matching properties for TCNE across substrates that results in a strong variation of molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions. These results have significant implications for future organic/inorganic nanoscopic devices incorporating molecule-based magnetism.