Estudou-se a qualidade fisiológica de genótipos crioulos de milho pipoca amarelo, vermelho e preto, oriundos de guardião de sementes da agricultura familiar do sudoeste do Paraná. Avaliou-se germinação, vigor de sementes e de plântulas. Todos os genótipos de milho pipoca analisados possuem germinação e vigor adequados para a sua propagação na forma de semente. O genótipo de milho pipoca vermelho possui germinação e vigor superiores aos genótipos amarelo e preto.
The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological seeds quality of four soybean cultivars during storage, under controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Seeds of Brasmax Lança IPRO, Brasmax Raio IPRO (está diferente do Material e Médtodos), Pioneer 95y52 and TMG 7062 IPRO cultivars were stored in controlled (20 ± 1.2 °C) and uncontrolled (producer's warehouse) environments and the following traits were assessed: percentage of germination (GERM), germination speed index (GSI), germination speed (GS) and accelerated aging (AA) at 0, 60, 120 and 180 days of storage. Covariance matrices structure of storage time was tested through repeated measures analysis, adopting a bifactorial model. Data were submitted to ANOVA (α=5%) and when the means presented significant differences, regression analysis and Scott-Knott test (α=5%) were performed. Differences in soybean seeds physiological quality are not related to storage environment. Lança cultivar was the most tolerant to storage, while Ray and TMG 7062 cultivars were more sensitive.
The objective was to evaluate the production components of soybean and the physiological quality of seeds according to the application of subdoses of herbicides at the reproductive stage of healthy plants. The treatments consisted of the application of glyphosate (122.5 g acid equivalent [ae] ha -1 ), chlorimuron (1.75 g active ingredient [ai] ha -1 ), 2,4-D (134 g ae ha -1 ), fomesafen (60 g ai ha -1 ), glufosinate (55 g ai ha -1 ), paraquat (35 g ai ha -1 ), and control (no application). The chlorophyll index, agronomic performance, and physiological quality of seeds were evaluated. Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height. Chlorimuron increased yield compared to the control. Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield, but the application of these herbicides is not recommended to stimulate plant development, given the potential for injury. The 2,4-D was the only one that caused a reduction in the physiological quality of soybean seeds.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o momento ideal de dessecação e de que forma diferentes princípios ativos influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de feijão-preto, cultivar BRS Esteio. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2018/2019, no município de Pato Branco, Paraná. A semeadura foi realizada no dia 07/11/2018 e o delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso (DBA), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro herbicidas x quatro épocas de aplicação). A aplicação dos dessecantes foi realizada quando a cultura apresentou 60%, 70%, 80% e 90% das vagens no estágio de maturação de campo. E os princípios ativos e doses utilizadas foram: diquate (400 g de i.a. ha-1), glufosinato – sal de amônio (400 g de i.a. ha-1 + óleo mineral), saflufenacil (49 g de i.a. ha-1) e glifosato potássico (1.240 g de i.a. ha-1). As avaliações pós-colheita foram as seguintes: peso de mil sementes (g), produtividade (Kg ha-1), teste de germinação (%), teste de envelhecimento acelerado (%) e comprimento de parte aérea e raiz de plântulas (cm). Independente do princípio ativo utilizado, visando a produção de sementes, a dessecação da cultivar de feijão-preto BRS Esteio, deve ser realizada quando 60% das vagens se encontram no estágio de maturação de campo. Além disso, as sementes dessecadas com glufosinato – sal de amônio, resultaram em sementes mais pesadas e em plântulas mais vigorosas, contrariamente ao observado para o glifosato potássico que reduziu o vigor de plântulas. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L. Herbicides. Maturation. Physiological Quality. Seed Technology.
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