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Textile materials, as a suitable matrix for different active substances facilitating their gradual release, can have an important role in skin topical or transdermal therapy. Characterized by compositional and structural variety, those materials readily meet the requirements for applications in specific therapies. Aromatherapy, antimicrobial substances and painkillers, hormone therapy, psoriasis treatment, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, etc., are some of the areas where textiles can be used as carriers. There are versatile optional methods for loading the biologically active substances onto textile materials. The oldest ones are by exhaustion, spraying, and a pad-dry-cure method. Another widespread method is the microencapsulation. The modification of textile materials with stimuli-responsive polymers is a perspective route to obtaining new textiles of improved multifunctional properties and intelligent response. In recent years, research has focused on new structures such as dendrimers, polymer micelles, liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Numerous functional groups and the ability to encapsulate different substances define dendrimer molecules as promising carriers for drug delivery. Hydrogels are also high molecular hydrophilic structures that can be used to modify textile material. They absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids and can support the delivery of medicines. These characteristics correspond to one of the current trends in the development of materials used in transdermal therapy, namely production of intelligent materials, i.e., such that allow controlled concentration and time delivery of the active substance and simultaneous visualization of the process, which can only be achieved with appropriate and purposeful modification of the textile material.

A new methodology for modifying textile materials with dendrimers containing nanoparticles was developed. This involved a combination of eosin Y and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) for reducing the copper ions in the dendrimer complex by enabling a photochemical reaction under visible light and ambient conditions. The conversion of copper ions into nanoparticles was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by performing colorimetric, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Regardless of the concentration of the photoinitiator eosin Y, it discolored completely upon illumination. Three types of cotton fabrics were compared as antimicrobial materials against Bacillus cereus. One of the fabrics was dyed with a first-generation PAMAM dendrimer which had been functionalized with eight 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores. Another fabric was dyed with a dendrimer–copper complex, and the third was treated by conversion of the complex into copper nanoparticles encapsulated into the dendrimer. An enhancement in the antimicrobial activity of the textiles was achieved at higher dendrimer concentrations, under illumination with visible light. The fabric modified with the copper nanoparticles encapsulated inside the dendrimer exhibited the best antibacterial activity because it had two photosensitizers (PS), as both 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores and copper nanoparticles were contained in the dendrimer molecules. The presence of oxygen and suitable illumination activated the photosensitizers to generate the reactive oxygen species (singlet oxygen (1O2) and other oxygenated products, e.g., anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide) responsible for destroying the bacteria.

In this work, we describe for the first time the synthesis of a hydrogel with iron oxide nanoparticles, uniformly distributed in its structure on a polyamide fabric by surface initiated photopolymerization. The type of outgoing iron ions Fe(II), Fe(III), and the combination between them influences the properties of the iron oxide particles and the obtained composite materials (PAF2, PAF3, and PAF32). All composite materials have been investigated as catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton process for treating real industrial wastewater after dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye Drimarene K-7B. Different conditions on the degradation of this dye have been investigated. The best result for discoloration has been obtained with PAF2 at concentration 9.4 g L −1 and pH = 2.2 in the presence of H 2 O 2 (93.3 mmol L −1 , where 78% of dye was degraded for 24 h and 90.5%-for 48 h. The high salinity of wastewaters, typical for dyeing with reactive dyes favors discoloration, while surface-active agents hinder the process. The obtained material is reusable and is more effective in less polluted water solutions. It has been found that the composite material can be used repeatedly.