Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitological assessments were obtained in 60 fish captured in a fish farm located in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Fish were analyzed in different categories of parasite number: class I (n=13; 0-200 parasites), class II (n=17; 201-1200 parasites); class III (n=7; 1201-2200 parasites); and class IV (n=23; more than 2200 parasites per host). The highest levels of parasitism caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in the hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and basophils number. Thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and LG-PAS did not present significant difference among the parasitic levels. In contrast, increased number of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in highly-parasitized fish. A positive linear correlation (p<0.01) was found between the amount of parasites and fish weight. Histopathology revealed severe hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema, fusion of the secondary lamellae, focal and multifocal necrosis in highly parasitized fish.Keywords: Pacu, fish farm, parasitism, haematology, histology. Análises hematológica e histopatológica no peixe sul-americano
Pocos estudios han sido hechos para evaluar la preferencia por el microhabitat de monogenea. Este estudio evaluó la distribución y estacionalidad de monogenea entre los diferentes arcos branquiales de tilapia del Nilo. Un total de 89 peces fueron capturados en una laguna en la ciudad de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, para el análisis parasitológico. Después de la eutanasia de los peces, fueron extraídos los arcos branquiales separadamente a partir de la región externa hasta la interna y numerados como I, II, III e IV. Fueron evaluadas la transparencia del agua, el pH, el oxigeno disuelto, la temperatura, la alcalinidad, la conductividad, el amonio, el hierro, el ortofosfato, el sulfato, el nitrito y el nitrato. En la primavera de 2008 las abundancias promedio de monogenea (Scutogyrus longicornis, Cychlidogyrus sclerosus, C. thurstonae y C. tilapiae) en los arcos I, II, III y IV fueron, respectivamente, 11,45; 14,45; 13,8; 13,15; en el verano de 2008 de 13,12; 12,25; 14,94; 21,53; en el verano de 2009 de 2,75; 3,25; 2,45; 2,45; en el otoño de 2009 de 13,44; 18,78; 11,78; 9,22 y en el invierno de 2009 de 0,35; 0,5; 0,3; 0,5. No fue observada preferencia por monogenea por el microhabitat en las branquias de la tilapia del Nilo en cultivo. Fue observado un aumento significativo de los helmintos en la primavera y verano de 2008 y otoño de 2009. El mayor número de parásitos coincidió con las estaciones de mayor temperatura del agua. La falta de preferencia por microhabitat entre los arcos branquiales sugiere una distribución homogénea de los parásitos combinados con los parámetros de calidad de agua.
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