Introduction: Proprioception is a term used to describe all the neural information originated from the proprioceptors of the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and capsules, which is sent via afferent pathways to the central nervous system. EMG is the study of muscle function through the investigation of the electrical signal emanated from the muscle and it is also the study of the motor unit activity. Objective: To perform electromyographic analysis of the rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) in different proprioceptive exercises (disc Freeman and rocker) with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Methods: The analysis was conducted with 10 physically active male subjects, in a collection time of 10 seconds on each device with eyes both open and closed. Results: Thus, according to our findings, significant difference is observed when the proprioceptive exercises are performed with eyes open and closed, obtaining higher muscle activation, according to the electromyographic analysis, in the exercises with eyes closed, highlighting the importance of the visual system and how it interferes in the body's position when it is subjected to balance changes caused by the studied devices. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the rectus femoris muscle did not show evident significant differences between the rocker and Freeman disc, as well as when the exercise was performed with eyes open or closed. The significant difference occurred was between the EO and EC Rocker and between Rocker EO and disk Freeman EC. Since the tibialis anterior muscle showed greater differences, especially with eyes closed, regardless of the device, which showed no significant differences between them.
BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease, usually characterized by pain, which is associated with reduced muscle strength, disability and progressive loss of function. However, the pain influence over proprioception and motor behaviour remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of the study was to identify the levels of pain, the proprioceptive acuity and the pattern of muscle recruitment during stair ascent and descent in elderly patients with mild and moderate osteoarthritis (OA) compared to healthy subjects.MethodsThe study participants included 11 healthy elderly subjects (7 women and 4 men) and 31 elderly patients with knee OA (19 women and 12 men). The functional capacity was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index; the pain was evaluated by Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT); the proprioceptive acuity was based on the joint position sense evaluated by electrogoniometer; and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the major muscles of the lower limb were evaluated during a task of stair ascent and descent of 15 cm. For statistical analysis it was used Statistic for Windows software (StatSoft Inc., version 5.0). Data from the WOMAC index, WBS, the proprioceptive acuity and IEMG (for each muscle in each phase) were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and data from PPT was used Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsHigher scores were found in the WOMAC index and WBS whereas lower scores were seen in PPT in patients with knee OA compared to healthy subjects. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the proprioceptive acuity and EMG results of most muscles analyzed between the groups.ConclusionThe presence of pain does not influence the proprioception and the motor behavior of the thigh muscles during stair ascent and descent in subjects with mild and moderate knee OA.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-321) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
RESUMOA expansão das áreas agrícolas associada à crescente demanda da população por alimentos, torna necessário o emprego de máquinas e implementos na rotina dos agricultores. Contudo, esta prática necessita de qualificação técnica-profissional, vista a gravidade dos riscos de acidentes apresentados pelas atividades mecanizadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo reunir informações coletadas em trabalhos científicos, que identificam os principais riscos e causas de acidentes envolvendo máquinas agrícolas no Brasil. As referências bibliográficas foram acessadas em plataformas digitais de periódicos nacionais, e em bancos de teses de instituições de ensino, utilizando palavraschaves relacionadas ao tema de interesse, tais como: "Acidentes envolvendo máquinas agrícolas", "segurança do trabalho no setor agropecuário" e "Ergonomia na agricultura". Incialmente, a revisão faz uma abordagem sobre o estado da arte, sensibilizando o leitor sobre a importância desta temática. Em seguida, reúne informações que apontam as principais causas dos acidentes envolvendo máquinas e implementos agrícolas. Por fim, apresenta soluções mitigadoras, que objetivam reduzir os riscos de acidentes de trabalho envolvimento o maquinário agrícola. Os principais riscos de acidentes estão relacionados à falta de uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI), imprudência, cansaço dos operadores e baixa qualificação técnica para o uso das máquinas. As ações mitigadoras consistem em utilizar máquinas e implementos com características ergonômicas mais adaptadas aos trabalhadores, cursos de formação, uso de EPI's certificados, associados à manutenção preventiva dos equipamentos.Palavras-chave: acidentes de trabalho no setor agropecuário, ergonomia, mecanização agrícola.
Introdução -Osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença crônica, normalmente caracterizada por dor e, que está associada à redução da força muscular, incapacidade e perda progressiva da função como andar, como andar, subir e descer escadas e outras tarefas dos membros inferiores, sendo o joelho a articulação mais acometida. Objetivo -Identificar e comparar os níveis de dor, a acuidade proprioceptiva e o padrão de recrutamento muscular durante subir e descer um degrau de escada em sujeitos idosos saudáveis e portadores de OA. Métodos -Participaram desse estudo 11 sujeitos saudáveis (7 mulheres e 4 homens -grupo NN) e 31 com OA no joelho (19 mulheres e 12 homens -grupo OA). Foi avaliada a capacidade funcional pelo WOMAC (Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoartrite Index), dor pela WBS (Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale) e LDP (Limiar de dor por pressão), acuidade proprioceptiva e a atividade eletromiográfica dos principais músculos do membro inferior durante a subida e descida de um degrau de 15 cm (D15). Resultados -Foram encontrados maiores escores no questionário de WOMAC assim como para dor na WBS e menores escores para LDP. Em contrapartida, não houve diferenças para a acuidade proprioceptiva baseado no senso de posição articular e na eletromiografia da maioria dos músculos analisados. Conclusão -Concluímos que embora a dor estivesse presente nos sujeitos com OA, tanto de forma subjetiva quanto objetiva, ela não influenciou nas variáveis analisadas, mostrando não haver diferenças na acuidade proprioceptiva e no padrão de recrutamento muscular durante a subida e a descida do degrau entre os sujeitos saudáveis e com OA.
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